Behavioural, hyperthermic and neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine analogues in the wistar rat

Fluoxetine Pretreatment Effects Pharmacokinetics of 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ECSTASY) in Rat

“…MDA is equipotent to MDMA in its neuro-pharmacological effects and is the major metabolite found in plasma and brain of rat. [30][31][32] An interesting pattern was observed in the plasma and brain concentration profile for MDA. We anticipated the MDA levels to be lower in fluoxetine pretreated rats since the N-demethylation of MDMA to MDA is catalyzed by CYP2D1.…”

The Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”)

“…MDA, like MDMA, increases 5-HT release in the n. accumbens, although MDA is reported to be less potent (Kankaanpaa et al, 1998). MDA, MDMA, and MDEA in decreasing order of potency increase striatal dopamine release in vivo and in vitro (Nash and Nichols, 1991;O'Loinsigh et al, 2001).…”

“…Acute 5-HT release has also been demonstrated in vitro following addition of MDMA to brain slices (Johnson et al, 1986;Schmidt, 1987b;Berger et al, 1992;Crespi et al, 1997;Koch and Galloway, 1997) or synaptosomal preparations (Berger et al, 1992;O'Loinsigh et al, 2001). Johnson et al (1986) first demonstrated an acute release of [ 3 H]5-HT from rat hippocampal slices by MDMA and reported that there was no significant difference in the releasing effects of the two MDMA enantiomers.…”

“…Fluoxetine significantly attenuated the [ 3 H]5-HT-releasing actions of all four compounds (Berger et al, 1992). O'Loinsigh et al (2001) recently reported that MDMA, MDA, and MDEA were equipotent at inducing a dose-dependent release of [ 3 H]5-HT from frontal cortex/hippocampal synaptosomes, while 3,4-methylenedioxybutylamphetamine (MDBA) the N-butyl analog of MDMA, only induced significant release at a concentration of 100 M. Oxidase. It has been known for some time that the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme required for 5-HT synthesis, is inhibited by MDMA administration (Stone et al, 1987a,c;Schmidt and Taylor, 1988;Johnson et al, 1992;Che et al, 1995). Stone et al (1987c) demonstrated that TPH activity started to decline in the neostriatum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus within 15 min after MDMA administration.…”

Increased anxiety and "depressive" symptoms months after MDMA ("ecstasy") in rats: drug-induced hyperthermia does not predict long-term outcomes

“…Body temperatures were taken using a Braun Thermoscan Instant Thermometer (IRT 1020), which was inserted into the ear of the rat (Morley et al 2001;O'Loinsigh et al 2001;Gurtman et al 2002). This method provides a rapid and relatively stress-free reading of body temperature in rats that is highly correlated with rectal temperature.…”