Behavioural effects in female rats of postnatal exposure to sub‐toxic doses of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153

Holene, Edel; Nafstad, Inger; Skaare, J.U.; Krogh, Henriette Walaas; Sagvolden, Terje

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01291.x

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In these rat studies, PCBs also produced increased motor activity, which was observed in young but not aging mice in our previous study (Rice et al 2007). Other studies in rats found no effect on FI performance (Holene et al 1999; Taylor et al 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Although FR and FI are both simple operant schedules, apparently they have not been examined after developmental PBDE exposure. Developmental PCB exposure produced changes in FI performance in some studies (Holene et al 1998; Lilienthal et al 1990; Rice 1997) but not others (Holene et al 1999; Rice and Hayward; 1998; Taylor et al 2002). Differences may have been due to different congener mixtures, species differences, sex-specific effects, or other differences in dosing and testing protocol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Behavioral Changes in Aging but Not Young Mice after Neonatal Exposure to the Polybrominated Flame Retardant DecaBDE

Rice

Thompson

Reeve

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundAfter several decades of commercial use, the flame-retardant chemicals polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are pervasive environmental contaminants and are detected in the human body. Decabrominated diphenyl ether (decaBDE) is currently the only PBDE in production in the United States.ObjectivesLittle is known about the health effects of decaBDE. In the present study we examined the effects of neonatal decaBDE exposure on behavior in mice at two ages.MethodsNeonatal male and female C57BL6/J mice were exposed to a daily oral dose of 0, 6, or 20 mg/kg decaBDE from postnatal days 2 through 15. Two age groups were examined: a cohort that began training during young adulthood and an aging cohort of littermates that began training at 16 months of age. Both cohorts were tested on a series of operant procedures that included a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement, a fixed-interval (FI) 2-min schedule, and a light–dark visual discrimination.ResultsWe observed minimal effects on the light–dark discrimination in the young cohort, with no effects on the other tasks. The performance of the aging cohort was significantly affected by decaBDE. On the FI schedule, decaBDE exposure increased the overall response rate. On the light–dark discrimination, older treated mice learned the task more slowly, made fewer errors on the first-response choice of a trial but more perseverative errors after an initial error, and had lower latencies to respond compared with controls. Effects were observed in both dose groups and sexes on various measures.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that neonatal decaBDE exposure produces effects on behavioral tasks in older but not younger animals. The behavioral mechanisms responsible for the pattern of observed effects may include increased impulsivity, although further research is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Behavioral Changes in Aging but Not Young Mice after Neonatal Exposure to the Polybrominated Flame Retardant DecaBDE

Rice

Thompson

Reeve

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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“…A similar type of response pattern (shorter IRTs and more responses made per reinforcer earned) has been seen subsequent to developmental PCB exposure in rats (Holene et al 1999), monkeys (Rice 1998), and children (Stewart et al 2006) during differential reinforcement of low rates of response (DRL) operant tasks. DRL tasks measure timing and inhibitory control and differ from FI tasks in that the interval clock resets if a response is made before the end of the interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Not all studies report negative effects of developmental PCB exposure on FI (Holene et al 1999; Rice and Hayward 1998; Taylor et al 2002), DRL (Rice and Hayward 1998; Sable et al 2006), or extinction (Holene et al 1999) tasks. These divergent results underscore the potential influence of factors such as dose, timing of exposure, sex of the animal and chlorine substitution pattern of the PCB congener or mixture on task performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental exposure to PCBs and/or MeHg: Effects on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) operant task before and after amphetamine drug challenge

Sable

Eubig

Powers

et al. 2009

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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The current study assessed the effects of developmental PCB and/or MeHg exposure on an operant task of timing and inhibitory control and determined if amphetamine (AMPH) drug challenges differentially affected performance. Long-Evans rats were exposed to corn oil (control), PCBs alone (1 or 3 mg/kg), MeHg alone (1.5 or 4.5 ppm), the low combination (1 mg/kg PCBs + 1.5 ppm MeHg), or the high combination (3 mg/kg PCBs + 4.5 ppm MeHg) throughout gestation and lactation. An environmentally relevant, formulated PCB mixture was used. Male and female offspring were trained to asymptotic performance on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) operant task as adults. PCB-exposed groups had a lower ratio of reinforced to non-reinforced responses than controls. Groups exposed to MeHg alone were not impaired and the deficits observed in PCB-exposed groups were not seen when PCBs were co-administered with MeHg. AMPH was less disruptive to responding in males receiving PCBs alone, MeHg alone, and 1.0 mg/kg PCB + 1.5 ppm MeHg. Paradoxically, the disruption in responding by AMPH in males given 3.0 mg/kg PCB + 4.5 ppm MeHg did not differ from controls. Exposed females from all treatment groups did not differ from controls in their AMPH response. Overall, the findings suggest that developmental exposure to PCBs can decrease DRL performance. Co-exposure to MeHg seemed to mitigate the detrimental effects of PCBs on performance. The finding that the disruptive effects of AMPH on DRL performance were lessened in some groups of exposed males suggests that alterations in dopaminergic functioning may have a role in behavioral changes seen after perinatal PCB and MeHg exposure.

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“…Lactational exposure of rats to PCB-153 produced increased responding during FI training and extinction in male rats (Holene et al 1998) but not in female rats (Holene et al 1999). In a separate study, juvenile male rats exposed to either PCB-contaminated fish or Aroclor 1248 concentrations equivalent to those in the fish (Berger et al 2001) showed increased lever pressing and bursts of responding on an FI task.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lead and PCBs as Risk Factors for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Eubig¹,

Aguiar²,

Schantz

2010

Environ Health Perspect

238

160

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ObjectivesAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, yet its etiology is not well understood. In this review we present evidence that environmental chemicals, particularly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead, are associated with deficits in many neurobehavioral functions that are also impaired in ADHD.Data sourcesHuman and animal studies of developmental PCB or lead exposures that assessed specific functional domains shown to be impaired in ADHD children were identified via searches of PubMed using “lead” or “PCB exposure” in combination with key words, including “attention,” “working memory,” “response inhibition,” “executive function,” “cognitive function,” “behavior,” and “ADHD.”Data synthesisChildren and laboratory animals exposed to lead or PCBs show deficits in many aspects of attention and executive function that have been shown to be impaired in children diagnosed with ADHD, including tests of working memory, response inhibition, vigilance, and alertness. Studies conducted to date suggest that lead may reduce both attention and response inhibition, whereas PCBs may impair response inhibition to a greater degree than attention. Low-level lead exposure has been associated with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD in several recent studies. Similar studies of PCBs have not been conducted.ConclusionsWe speculate that exposures to environmental contaminants, including lead and PCBs, may increase the prevalence of ADHD.

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Behavioural effects in female rats of postnatal exposure to sub‐toxic doses of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Behavioral Changes in Aging but Not Young Mice after Neonatal Exposure to the Polybrominated Flame Retardant DecaBDE

Behavioral Changes in Aging but Not Young Mice after Neonatal Exposure to the Polybrominated Flame Retardant DecaBDE

Developmental exposure to PCBs and/or MeHg: Effects on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) operant task before and after amphetamine drug challenge

Lead and PCBs as Risk Factors for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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