Behavioural and neurophysiological disruption of corticobulbar motor systems and their effects on sequential pharyngeal swallowing

Al-Toubi, Aamir K.; Daniels, Stephanie K.; Huckabee, Maggie‐Lee; Corey, David M.; Doeltgen, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.039

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…M1 was confirmed to participate in swallowing function in our previous study and other studies. 26 , 27 , 28 To observe the activity of NTS neurons after M1 activation, the optogenetic activation virus AAV2/9‐CaMKIIα‐ChR2 was injected into M1 L5, followed by blue light stimulation (473 nm) to activate neurons, and c‐Fos‐positive neurons in the NTS were detected after blue light was delivered into M1 (Figure 1D ). The results showed that c‐Fos‐positive neurons increased after M1 activation compared to the normal group, or the control group (Figure 1A–C,E ; p < 0.01).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study indicated that the NTS played an indirect role in the treatment of PSD by EA through the regulation of M1. M1 is believed to play an important role in voluntary swallowing, as has been demonstrated in many studies, 5,26 while the NTS is a subcortical area and plays an important role in the function of reflex swallowing. 5 A previous study also showed that EA at CV23 could regulate neuronal activity in M1 and promote the recovery of dysphagia after stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Participation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on post‐stroke dysphagia through the primary motor cortex

Ye,

Yuan,

Yao

et al. 2023

CNS Neurosci Ther

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BackgroundPost‐stroke dysphagia (PSD), a common and serious disease, affects the quality of life of many patients and their families. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been commonly used effectively in the treatment of PSD, but the therapeutic mechanism is still under exploration at present. We aim to investigate the effect of the nucleus tractus solitarus (NTS) on the treatment of PSD by EA at Lianquan (CV23) through the primary motor cortex (M1).MethodsC57 male mice were used to construct a PSD mouse model using photothrombotic technique, and the swallowing function was evaluated by electromyography (EMG) recording. C‐Fos‐positive neurons and types of neurons in the NTS were detected by immunofluorescence. Optogenetics and chemical genetics were used to regulate the NTS, and the firing rate of neurons was recorded via multichannel recording.ResultsThe results showed that most of the activated neurons in the NTS were excitatory neurons, and multichannel recording indicated that the activity levels of both pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the NTS were regulated by M1. This process was involved in the EA treatment. Furthermore, while chemogenetic inhibition of the NTS reduced the EMG signal associated with the swallowing response induced by activation of M1 in PSD mice, EA rescued this signal.ConclusionOverall, the NTS was shown to participate in the regulation of PSD by EA at CV23 through M1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Participation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on post‐stroke dysphagia through the primary motor cortex

Ye,

Yuan,

Yao

et al. 2023

CNS Neurosci Ther

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“…More specifically, the study clarified that sensorial stimulation increases with carbonation, sour products, and citric acid. This leads to an Nutrients 2020, 12, 256 7 of 9 increased somatosensory input and, together with the carbonation and citric acid, changes in excitation of the pharyngeal corticobulbar tract are provoked [18], meaning that swallowing occurs more easily. In addition, this sensorial combination of carbonation and citric acid creates a bolus consistency that was proven to result in a faster swallowing process [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Secretion and Swallowing—The Impact of Different Types of Food and Drink on Subsequent Intake

2020

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The oral processing of food is important for eating and digestion in order to gain energy and nutrients. Due to disease, injury, or aging, individuals may experience difficulties in this process. These difficulties often lead to dysphagia, which is associated with malnutrition. Thus, it is of importance to find solutions and strategies to enable food intake. It is well known that sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks increase saliva secretion and trigger the swallowing reflex. However, knowledge regarding how subsequent food intake is impacted is lacking. The aim of this study was to clarify whether sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks had subsequent impacts on swallowing function. Twelve healthy participants evaluated eleven foods and drinks in terms of their ability to increase saliva production and ease the swallowing of subsequent food. Results showed that sourness and carbonation had positive impacts on saliva secretion and swallowing. No correlation was found between the pH/sourness of the foods and the ease of swallowing them. It was concluded that the ingestion of cherry tomatoes, natural yoghurt, and, in particular, citrus juice made swallowing of a neutral cracker easier. These results may be used to increase food intake among dysphagia patients.

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“…At present, the anterior lateral part of the motor cortex and the motor cortex of the central sulcus are considered to be the cortical central control regions for swallowing [21]; therefore, we used which as the body surface projection area when encephalofluctuograph performing. rTMS penetrates the skull to directly act on the cerebral cortex, stimulating the local cortical neurons to directly or indirectly promote remodeling of the swallowing cortex center [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on intracranial neurotransmitters in patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction

Du¹,

Li²,

Jiang³

2019

Preprint

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Objective To study the improvements and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 60 patients with swallowing disorders were randomly assigned to receive high/low-frequency rTMS treatment, another 30 patients without rTMS treatment were included in the control group. The Kubota’s water-swallowing test, video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and major intracranial neurotransmitters were analyzed before and after treatment. Results No significant difference was observed in the Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores, the VFSS scores, or the levels of intracranial neurotransmitters between the three groups before treatment. The Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores were significantly reduced after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; the aspiration degree was significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; the levels of glutamate and dopamine were significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; Moreover, the Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores were significantly reduced after high-frequency rTMS treatment than after low-frequency rTMS treatment; the levels of glutamate and dopamine were significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than after low-frequency rTMS treatment. Conclusions High-frequency rTMS was effective for swallowing disorders, which may be related to increased levels of intracranial glutamate and dopamine.

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Behavioural and neurophysiological disruption of corticobulbar motor systems and their effects on sequential pharyngeal swallowing

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Participation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on post‐stroke dysphagia through the primary motor cortex

Participation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on post‐stroke dysphagia through the primary motor cortex

Saliva Secretion and Swallowing—The Impact of Different Types of Food and Drink on Subsequent Intake

The effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on intracranial neurotransmitters in patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction

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