Behaviour planning and problem solving deficiencies in children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from the Balobedu culture, Limpopo province, South Africa

Pila-Nemutandani, Refilwe Gloria; Meyer, Anneke

doi:10.2989/17280583.2016.1200582

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The findings were consistent with the study conducted by Sarkis et al 54 who found that the ADHD-C subtype performed significantly worse than the non-ADHD groups on the TOL. Similarly, Pila-Nemutandani and Meyer, 20 Schmitz et al, 21 Mokobane et al 22 and Solanto et al 55 noticed that children with the ADHD-C presentations were deficient in behavioural planning and that they faced more difficulties when compared to both the ADHD-HI and ADHD-PI presentations and a control group of non-ADHD children. Saydam et al 56 also found that ADHD-C presentations had impaired planning strategies compared to the ADHD-PI presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… 31 , 32 It has been proven to be sensitive in distinguishing planning behaviour deficits in children with ADHD and in neurotypically children. 20 , 33 …”

Section: Research Methods and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pila-Nemutandani and Meyer. 20 , Schmitz et al 21 and Mokobane et al 22 noticed that children with the combined (ADHD-C) presentation were highly deficient in behavioural planning and faced more difficulties when compared to both the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI) and predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) presentations and neurotypically children. However, a study by Geurts et al 23 showed no deficiencies in children with ADHD and normal controls with regard to planning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Boshomane

Pillay

Meyer

2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a cognitive or behavioural developmental disorder. Inattentiveness, overactivity and impulsivity are regarded as the main clinical symptoms of ADHD. These symptoms may occur together or separately resulting in three recognised presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive–impulsive and combined presentations.Aim: This study investigated deficiencies in behavioural planning in South African primary school children with and without ADHD.Setting: Tzaneen area in Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: A total of 156 children (78 with ADHD and 78 matched controls without ADHD) of both genders, who were medication naïve and aged 6–15 years, participated in the study. The performance of the two groups was compared on a test of planning and problem-solving, the Tower of London (ToL) task. The results were analysed as a function of gender, age and ADHD presentation.Results: Children with ADHD especially ADHD-PI and ADHD-C used significantly more moves and took a longer time to complete the task than the controls (p 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of moves and time taken by the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentations of ADHD when compared to the controls. Gender and age did not influence the performance.Conclusion: The results showed that children with ADHD showed significantly more deficits mainly the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C presentations, which indicates that inattention is mainly responsible for deficiencies in behaviour planning. The ADHD-HI presentations and the control group were not affected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… 31 , 32 It has been proven to be sensitive in distinguishing planning behaviour deficits in children with ADHD and in neurotypically children. 20 , 33 …”

Section: Research Methods and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Boshomane

Pillay

Meyer

2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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“…Children with symptoms of both inattention and HI were more severely impaired than those with ADHD-HI and ADHD-PI only because they have difficulty sustaining attention and respond impulsively, whereas the other subtypes are only affected in one domain. Similarly, Pila-Nemutandani and Meyer (2016) and Schmitz et al (2002) noticed that children with the ADHD-C subtype were highly deficient in behavioural planning and faced more difficulties when compared to both the ADHD-HI and ADHD-PI subtype and the control group of non-ADHD children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Behaviour planning and inhibitory control in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Mokobane

Pillay

Meyer

2019

South African Journal of Psychology

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders that can occur in children. The symptoms are thought to result from a deficit in executive functions. This study investigated whether children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed in behavioural planning and response inhibition, two of the domains of executive functioning, from a control group without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Furthermore, it examined whether the three attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed from each other in terms of performance. The sample ( n = 320) consisted of primary school children, aged between 6 and 14 years, from the Moletjie circuit (Limpopo). It consisted of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group ( n = 160) and a control group ( n = 160). The Disruptive Behavioural Disorder rating scale was used to establish the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Tower of London was used to measure planning ability, and the inhibition subtest (arrows and shapes) from the NEPSY-II (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition) to measure response inhibition. Analysis of variance was employed to establish differences in subtype, gender, and age group. The results showed that children with the combined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype demonstrated significantly more deficits than the control group, in both behavioural planning and inhibition control. No significant differences between the hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and the control group were found. Gender and age did not influence performance with regard to planning and inhibition tasks. Correlations between planning behaviour and response inhibition were low, which suggests that they are distinct processes.

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“…Aspects of executive functioning including visuospatial planning, problem solving, frustration tolerance, and ability to understand and follow rules were assessed using the Delis-Kaplin Executive Function System Tower task (D-KEFS). Both WISC-IV and D-KEFS are internationally recognized neuropsychological tests used in multi-cultural and lingual populations and have been previously used in South African samples (20–22). In children whose first language is not English, an interpreter was used during the testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric and Neurocognitive Manifestations in HIV-Infected Children Treated With Efavirenz in South Africa—A Retrospective Case Series

et al. 2019

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Background: Efavirenz is associated with transient neuropsychiatric manifestations but the impact on neurocognition in children is unknown. Genetically slow metabolizers of efavirenz may be at risk of toxicity. This study describes neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive manifestations of South African children with suspected efavirenz neurotoxicity. Method: This retrospective study describes clinical features of 12 children with features consistent with efavirenz neurotoxicity between 2008 and 2014. Results: Twelve children (4 males, 8 females) aged 3–12 years (median 8.4 years) were referred to a dedicated pediatric neuroHIV service. Eight were of indigenous African (black) ancestry and 4 were of mixed ancestry. The total duration on efavirenz-containing ART at the time of referral was 6–72 (mean 31) months. Two children (both of black ancestry) were phenotypically slow metabolizers and presented with acute manifestations and high plasma efavirenz concentrations above normal range resulting in discontinuation of efavirenz. Ten other children had clinical presentations compatible with efavirenz neurotoxicity but had normal or sub-therapeutic plasma efavirenz concentrations and continued treatment with efavirenz. The acute neuropsychiatric manifestations reported included drowsiness, seizures, sleep disturbances, personality changes, ataxia, and slurred speech. These were noticed 2–8 weeks (mean 5 weeks) after commencing efavirenz and resolved over a few weeks. Nine children had neurocognitive deficits and showed poor performance in all neurocognitive domains that were tested. Interpretation: Efavirenz causes transient neuropsychiatric adverse effects and may contribute to poor long-term neurocognitive outcomes in HIV-infected children. Prospective studies comparing efavirenz-treated and efavirenz-naïve children are needed to further elucidate the manifestations of efavirenz toxicity.

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Behaviour planning and problem solving deficiencies in children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from the Balobedu culture, Limpopo province, South Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

Behaviour planning and inhibitory control in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Neuropsychiatric and Neurocognitive Manifestations in HIV-Infected Children Treated With Efavirenz in South Africa—A Retrospective Case Series

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