Behaviour of tungsten alloy with iron and nickel under repeated high temperature plasma pulses

Laas, T.; Laas, Katrin; Paju, J.; Priimets, J.; Tõkke, S.; Väli, Berit; Shirokova, Veroonika; Antonov, Maksim; Грибков, В. А.; Demina, E. V.; Пименов, В. Н.; Paduch, M.; Matulka, R.; Akel, M.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111408

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Melting and erosion lead to the generation of holes, blisters, wave-like structures like humps and bumps on the surface of a material. To characterize the damage quantitatively, the density of cracks, size of cracksḿ esh, the density of holes, and blisters estimated by SEM images can be used [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known, that while the average microroughness of the different materials may be the same, the length of such structures depends directly on the components of the material. Even a small percentage of dopants or other alloy materials may change the characteristic structures of the material [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…influence of stochastic plasma flows [10,17,23,26]. It has been found that multifractal spectra may vary greatly in the case of the plasma-facing materials (PFM) with a slightly different percentage of dopants irradiated in the conditions [14]. Also, the change of properties of the plasma used for irradiation of the tungsten sample leads to a change of multifractal spectra [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifractal analysis of high-temperature plasma irradiated tungsten surfaces

Martsepp¹,

Laas²,

Laas³

et al. 2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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In this research, the irregular surface structure of 15 pure tungsten specimens that are irradiated respectively with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 shots of high-temperature deuterium plasma are under observation. The box-counting method is used to evaluate the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images taken from different locations within the same specimen. Obtained multifractal characteristics are then compared with the Fourier spectrum of stochastic relief. As a result, it is possible to determine the time dependence of surface damage with the box-counting method, but additional tests should be performed with the Fourier method to confirm this regularity. Besides, it has been studied further whether and how the fractal characteristics change with different magnifications within the same specimen. It was found that when selecting the appropriate magnification for SEM, X500 for a given specimen, the multifractal analysis of the arbitrarily selected image of surface damage well represents the average situation on the specimen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifractal analysis of high-temperature plasma irradiated tungsten surfaces

Martsepp¹,

Laas²,

Laas³

et al. 2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

Self Cite

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“…Few case studies prove this statement better than materials for nuclear fusion reactors. Design constraints in the reactor interior, particularly the divertor region, include normal operational temperatures reaching 1300 °C 1 , repeated plasma strikes leading to enormous thermal shock 2 , 3 , and prolonged exposure to irradiation damage in the form of neutron bombardment and ion implantation at extreme energies and dose rates. These unfavorable conditions preclude the implementation of a majority of conventional materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of interfacial strength in nacre-mimicking tungsten heavy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

Haag

Wang

Kruska

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Tungsten heavy alloys have been proposed as plasma facing material components in nuclear fusion reactors and require experimental investigation in their confirmation. For this purpose, a 90W–7Ni–3Fe alloy has been selected and microstructurally manipulated to present a multiphase brick-and-mortar structure of W-phase ‘bricks’ surrounded by a ductile ‘mortar’. This work draws inspiration from nature to artificially imitate the extraordinary combination of strength and stiffness exhibited by mollusks and produce a nacre-mimicking metal matrix composite capable of withstanding the extremely hostile environment of the reactor interior and maintaining structural integrity. The underlying mechanisms behind this integrity have been probed through high-resolution structural and chemical characterization techniques and have revealed chemically diffuse phase boundaries exhibiting unexpected lattice coherency. These features have been attributed to an increase in the energy required for interfacial decohesion in these systems and the simultaneous expression of high strength and toughness in tungsten heavy alloys.

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“…Potential drawbacks include significantly lower melting point and higher vapor pressure of the binder phase and lower thermal conductivity. When W + Ni + Fe samples were irradiated by deuterium plasma pulses, simulating off-normal events in ITER, they showed comparable cracking pattern to double forged tungsten but with a shallower damaged zone [ 9 ]. W + Ni + Fe tiles were tested in the divertor of ASDEX-U tokamak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

W + Cu and W + Ni Composites and FGMs Prepared by Plasma Transferred Arc Cladding

2021

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Tungsten-based materials are the most prospective candidates for plasma-facing components of future fusion devices, such as DEMO. W-based composites and graded layers can serve as stress-relieving interlayers for the joints between plasma-facing armor and the cooling or structural parts. Coating/cladding techniques offer the advantages of eliminating the joining step and the ability to coat large areas, even on nonplanar shapes. In this work, W + Cu and W + Ni composites were prepared by pulsed plasma transferred arc (PTA) cladding on several different substrates. Optimization of the process was carried out with respect to powder mixture composition and process parameters like arc current, plasma gas composition, and traverse velocity. Dense claddings of several millimeters thickness and various W content were achieved. Moreover, multilayers with W content gradually varying from 47 to 92% were formed. The structure, compositional profiles, and thermal properties of the claddings were characterized.

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Behaviour of tungsten alloy with iron and nickel under repeated high temperature plasma pulses

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Multifractal analysis of high-temperature plasma irradiated tungsten surfaces

Multifractal analysis of high-temperature plasma irradiated tungsten surfaces

Investigation of interfacial strength in nacre-mimicking tungsten heavy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

W + Cu and W + Ni Composites and FGMs Prepared by Plasma Transferred Arc Cladding

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