Behaviour of the centres of action above the Atlantic since 1881. Part I: Characteristics of seasonal and interannual variability

Mächel, H.; Kapala, Alice; Flohn, Hermann

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199801)18:1<1::aid-joc225>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 100 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted, however, that summer NAO is essentially different (in terms of its spatial structure) from its winter counterpart [Barnston and Livezey, 1987]. In particular, location of the summer NAO action centers is quite different [Wanner et al, 1997;Mächel et al, 1998;Portis et al, 2001]. Hence, the NAO-associated summer precipitation patterns (Figures 1a, 1c, 1e, and 1g) are also principally different from the winter dipole-like patterns [e.g., Hurrell, 1995;Zveryaev, 2004].…”

Section: Leading Modes Of the Summer Precipitation Over Europe And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime precipitation variability over Europe and its links to atmospheric dynamics and evaporation

Zveryaev

Allan

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Gridded monthly precipitation data for 1979-2006 from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project are used to investigate interannual summer precipitation variability over Europe and its links to regional atmospheric circulation and evaporation. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of European precipitation, explaining 17.2%-22.8% of its total variance, is stable during the summer season and is associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. The spatial-temporal structure of the second EOF mode is less stable and shows month-to-month variations during the summer season. This mode is linked to the Scandinavian teleconnection pattern. Analysis of links between leading EOF modes of regional precipitation and evaporation has revealed a significant link between precipitation and evaporation from the European land surface, thus, indicating an important role of the local processes in summertime precipitation variability over Europe. Weaker, but statistically significant links have been found for evaporation from the surface of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Finally, in contrast to winter, no significant links have been revealed between European precipitation and evaporation in the North Atlantic during the summer season.Citation: Zveryaev, I. I., and R. P. Allan (2010), Summertime precipitation variability over Europe and its links to atmospheric dynamics and evaporation,

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Section: Leading Modes Of the Summer Precipitation Over Europe And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime precipitation variability over Europe and its links to atmospheric dynamics and evaporation

Zveryaev

Allan

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…near the Greenwich Meridian Machel et al, 1998), in agreement with previous studies that suggest migratory highs can reinforce the semi-permanent systems.…”

Section: Synoptic Climatology (1973-2000) Of Cyclone and Anticyclone mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical conditions and synoptic tracks associated with different types of cold surge over tropical South America

Pezza

Ambrizzi

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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A 1973-2000 synoptic climatology (every 12 h) is presented of the surface cyclone and anticyclone tracks associated with cold surges in tropical South America, complemented by the corresponding atmospheric circulation for the period of 1950-2000. The aim of this study is to provide a new insight into the synoptic paths and the dynamics associated with distinct cold-wave categorization in the tropics. Extreme minimum temperatures and frost occurrence from the University of São Paulo (USP) meteorological station in São Paulo city (Brazil) are used to select cold events with different intensities: extreme (T < 0°C plus frost), strong (0 ≤ T ≤ 2.5°C plus frost), strong without frost (0 ≤ T ≤ 2.5°C without frost) and moderate (T > 2.5°C plus frost).Atmospheric variables at low and upper levels derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis are calculated from day −10 to day 0 with regard to the coldest day in São Paulo. In addition, an automatic tracking scheme is applied to diagnosing and tracking the cyclones and anticyclones at the surface associated with cold surges.Through a superposition technique, climatological 'clouds' showing all tracks on the same map are produced, adding some new insights into the synoptic patterns of propagation and improving the Southern Hemisphere climatology. For all composites the mean cold front crosses the equator, and the extratropical cyclones also play an important role in favouring frost occurrence in São Paulo. The lagged composites indicate that most of the cold events may be tracked up to 9 days before their occurrence, with a persistent upper level signal in the eastern Pacific.

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“…They concluded that the spatial distribution of winter precipitation over Greece was related to the eastern North Atlantic-European mid-tropospheric circulation fields. Mächel et al (1998) revealed for time-series with the 'white' noise continuum that significant peaks above the 0.95 confidence limit occurred only at the lowest frequency in both the central pressure spectra of the subtropical highs in winter and the spectra of the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the Iceland Low in summer. The spectra of timeseries compared with the 'red' noise continuum also showed that most of the total variance accumulated at the lowest frequency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistence and periodicity in the precipitation series of Turkey and associations with 500 hPa geopotential heights

Türkeş¹,

Sümer²,

Kılıç³

2002

Clim. Res.

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Persistence and periodicity in normalised precipitation anomaly series of 91 stations over Turkey were analysed using serial correlation coefficients and power spectra. There were considerable geographical variations and inter-seasonal contrasts with respect to periodicity and persistence characteristics. Lag-one serial correlation (L-1SC ) coefficients for winter series were mostly positive and were significant at the 0.05 level for 31 stations. Annual variations at 17 stations also showed significant positive L-1SC coefficients. In contrast, year-to-year variations in spring series were characterised by negative L-1SC coefficients at most stations (significant at 18). Summer series were characterised by both positive and negative coefficients. Autumn series of most stations were random with regard to serial dependence. For winter series, long cycles of 8.4, 12-12.7, 14, 18 and 21 yr were dominant in the Marmara Transition and the Mediterranean regions, whereas short cycles of 2, 2.1, 3 and 3.2 yr were found for the Black Sea region. Major spectral peaks of most spring series occurred within spectral bands with cycles of around 2, 3, 4 and 5 yr; a 2 yr periodicity was obtained for many stations. Statistically significant negative relationships between precipitation anomalies and 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies in winter and autumn showed an apparent spatial coherence over most of Turkey. Prominent spectral peaks corresponding to about 2 and 3 yr cycles in spring precipitation anomaly series appeared to be associated with similar oscillations in spring geopotential height anomalies. A cycle of 14 yr was found for winter precipitation and geopotential height anomalies.KEY WORDS: Turkey · Precipitation · 500 hPa geopotential height · Persistence · Power spectrum · 'White' and 'red' noise continuum · Periodicity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 21: 2002 Time-series characteristics of climatological and hydrological observation records can be assigned to the following categories for examination: (1) A stochastic event including random variations or stable processes. (2) Deterministic components corresponding to all the non-random events in the series. Deterministic components include persistence, periodicity, trends, jumps or step-wise changes, catastrophic events (for example, disasters or extreme events), and various combinations of these. (3) A combination of random and non-random events in the series. The third category is important for long-term temporal variations in a series of climatic observations. Based on both real observational records and statistical models, it is well known that trends in climatological series are rarely linear and cycles are rarely purely sinusoidal waves. This peculiarity is found particularly in temporal variations of precipitation series. For instance, a significant downward trend has been revealed for the winter precipitation series at some stations in Turkey (Türkeş 1998). Nevertheless, this trend is not l...

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Behaviour of the centres of action above the Atlantic since 1881. Part I: Characteristics of seasonal and interannual variability

Cited by 100 publications

References 36 publications

Summertime precipitation variability over Europe and its links to atmospheric dynamics and evaporation

Summertime precipitation variability over Europe and its links to atmospheric dynamics and evaporation

Dynamical conditions and synoptic tracks associated with different types of cold surge over tropical South America

Persistence and periodicity in the precipitation series of Turkey and associations with 500 hPa geopotential heights

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