Behaviour of disruption generated runaways in JET

Gill, R.D.; Alper, B.; Baar, M. de; Hender, T. C.; Johnson, M.F.; Riccardo, V.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/42/8/312

Cited by 84 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As reported earlier from JET [4,8], runaway generation occurs only above a threshold for the toroidal magnetic field of about 2T (figure 1b). This threshold is also reported from Tore Supra [9], JT-60U [10] and TEXTOR (see below) and is thus independent from machine size.…”

Section: Runaway Electron Generationsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…More insight might be gained by measuring the energy spectrum of the runaways. with an earlier analysis, which showed that the maximum q 95 with runaway generation increases with B t and that the lower B t = 2 T limit coincides with q 95 = 2 [8].…”

Section: Runaway Electron Generationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Attempts have been made in the past to deduce the strength of the avalanche by modelling the current conversion. However, as mentioned already in [8], because of the exponential dependence of the Dreicer generation rate on parameters which are not precisely known in the current quench, like the electron density, a quantification of the avalanche in disruptions is difficult. More insight might be gained by measuring the energy spectrum of the runaways.…”

Section: Runaway Electron Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A runaway plateau of about 5 ms is formed and the runaway beam is finally lost to the upper dump plate. The dynamics of the runaway beam can be detected by the radiation from K-shell vacancy production, which is recorded by the soft X-ray camera [8,19] This frame is shown in figure 7a. A detail of the upper plate is seen in figure 7b, giving the temperature difference between the two frames.…”

Section: Runaway Dynamics and Wall Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Lehnen¹,

Abdullaev²,

Arnoux

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Runaway electrons generated during ITER disruptions are of concern for the integrity of the plasma facing components. It is expected that a power of up to 8 GW is exposed to ITER PFCs. We present in this article observations from JET and TEXTOR on the generation of runaways and the heat load deposition. Suppression techniques like massive gas injection and resonant magnetic perturbations are discussed.

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Section: Runaway Electron Generationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Runaway Electron Generationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Runaway Electron Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Runaway Dynamics and Wall Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Lehnen¹,

Abdullaev²,

Arnoux

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…6 In large scale tokamaks at the disruption moments production of runaway electrons and their second influences on plasma is very important. [7][8][9] Collision of intense runaway electrons with the first wall would significantly reduce the lifetime of the first wall in fusion reactors. Therefore control and annihilation of runaway currents for the future reactors have been considered by researchers and several methods such as plasma current ramping up, controlled inward plasma shifting, and safety factor decreasing, have been found in JT-60U.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runaway electron energy measurement using hard x-ray spectroscopy in “Damavand” tokamak

Rasouli

Iraji

Farahbod

et al. 2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Set of experiments has been developed to study existing runaway electrons in "Damavand" tokamak plasma upon characteristics of hard x-ray emissions produced by collision of the runaway electrons with the plasma particles and limiters. As a first step, spatial distribution of hard x-ray emissions on the equatorial plane of the torus was considered. Obtained spectra of hard x-ray emissions for different alignments of shielded detector indicate isotropic emissivity in the equatorial plane. This is in agreement with wide angle cone of bremsstrahlung radiations, deduced from the mean value of energy of the runaway electrons. The mean energy was calculated from the slope of the energy spectrum of hard x-ray photons. In the second stage in order to investigate time evolution of energy of the runaway electrons, similar technique were applied to obtain hard x-ray energy in every 3 ms intervals, from the beginning to the end of plasma. The mean energy of the runaway electrons increases during the ramp up phase and reaches its maximum between 3 and 9 ms after plasma formation. Also considering the time dependence of the counted photons in each energy range shows that energetic photons are emitted during the ramp up phase of the plasma current in Damavand tokamak.

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Observation of Runaway Electron Behaviour During Disruptions in LHCD Discharges in the HT‐7 Tokamak

et al. 2010

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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Production of runaway electrons during disruptions has been observed in the HT-7 Tokamak. The runaway current plateaus, which can carry part of the pre-disruptive current, are observed in lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) limiter discharges. It is found that the runaway current can mitigate the disruptions effectively. We can use gas puffing to increase the line-averaged density to restrain the runaway electrons and rebuild the plasmas after the disruptions. Detailed observations are presented on the runaway electrons generated following disruptions in the HT-7 tokamak discharges. The results indicate that the magnetic oscillations play a significant role in the loss of runaway electrons in disruptions. There are two important preconditions to rebuild plasmas by runaway electrons after the disruptions. One of them are weak magnetic oscillations; another one are LHWs (lower-hybrid waves).

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Behaviour of disruption generated runaways in JET

Cited by 84 publications

References 8 publications

Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Runaway electron energy measurement using hard x-ray spectroscopy in “Damavand” tokamak

Observation of Runaway Electron Behaviour During Disruptions in LHCD Discharges in the HT‐7 Tokamak

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