Behaviour-modifying chemicals: prospects and constraints in IPM.

Gut, Larry J.; Stelinski, Lukasz L.; Thomson, D. R.; Miller, Jerry R.; Koul, Opender; Dhaliwal, G. S.; Cuperus, G. W.

doi:10.1079/9780851996868.0073

Cited by 83 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…We find it interesting that this pattern is congruent with the respective susceptibilities of these species to pheromone mating disruption (reviewed in Gut et al, 2004). Reduction of female copulation propensity may be an additional mechanism of mating disruption that renders certain species more susceptible than others to this tactic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Reduced Mating Success of Female Tortricid Moths Following Intense Pheromone Auto-Exposure Varies with Sophistication of Mating System

2012

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Mating disruption is a valuable tool for the management of pest lepidopteran species in many agricultural crops. Many studies have addressed the effect of female pheromone on the ability of males to find calling females but, so far, fewer have addressed the effect of pheromone on the mating behavior of females. We hypothesized that mating of female moth species may be adversely affected following sex pheromone auto-exposure, due to abnormal behavioral activity and/or antennal sensitivity. Our results indicate that, for Grapholita molesta and Pandemis pyrusana females, copulation, but not calling, was reduced following pre-exposure to sex pheromone. In contrast, for Cydia pomonella and Choristoneura rosaceana, sex pheromone pre-exposure did not affect either calling or copulation propensity. Adaptation of female moth antennae to their own sex pheromone, following sex pheromone auto-exposure, as measured by electroantennograms, occurred in a species for which identical exposure reduced mating success (G. molesta) and in a species for which such exposure did not affect mating success (C. rosaceana). These results suggest that pre-exposure of female moths of certain species to sex pheromone may further contribute to the success of pheromone-based mating disruption. Therefore, we conclude that, in some species, mating disruption may include a secondary mechanism that affects the mating behavior of female moths, in addition to that of males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Reduced Mating Success of Female Tortricid Moths Following Intense Pheromone Auto-Exposure Varies with Sophistication of Mating System

2012

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“…In the current study, new flush infestation by larval P. citrella was reduced by more than half in the highest pheromone rate treatment, despite the small size of study plots (0.14 ha). It is well known that disruption outcomes are better in larger plots (see reviews by Gut et al 2004;Witzgall et al 2008), and thus, the current data suggest that the disruption of P. citrella should be effective on a larger scale. Furthermore, the control of this species by mating disruption should be density independent given the noncompetitive mechanism (Miller et al 2006a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mating Disruption of Citrus Leafminer Mediated by a Noncompetitive Mechanism at a Remarkably Low Pheromone Release Rate

2008

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The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a worldwide pest of citrus. A season-long investigation was conducted that evaluated mating disruption for this pest. Effective disruption of the male P. citrella orientation to pheromone traps (98%) and reduced flush infestation by larvae was achieved for 221 d with two deployments of a 3:1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal/(Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal at a remarkably low rate of 1.5 g active ingredient (AI)/ha per deployment. To gain insight into the mechanism that mediates the disruption of P. citrella, male moth catch was quantified in replicated plots of citrus treated with varying densities of pheromone dispensers. The densities of septum dispensers compared were: 0 (0/ha, 0.0 g AI/ha), 0.2 (one every fifth tree or 35/ha, 0.05 g AI/ha), 1 (215/ha, 0.29 g AI/ha), and 5 per tree (1,100/ha, 1.5 g AI/ha). Profile analysis by previously published mathematical methods matched predictions of noncompetitive mating disruption. Behavioral observations of male P. citrella in the field revealed that males did not approach mating disruption dispensers in any of the dispenser density treatments. The current report presents the first set of profile analyses combined with direct behavioral observations consistent with previously published theoretical predictions for a noncompetitive mechanism of mating disruption. The results suggest that disruption of P. citrella should be effective even at high population densities given the density-independent nature of disruption for this species and the remarkably low rate of pheromone per hectare required for efficacy.

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“…It is therefore likely that changes in the pheromone blend in time and space explain the difference between wind tunnel and field experiments. In our experiment, it is proposed that the blend becomes slowly enriched in the alcohol, given that it is less volatile than the acetate 33,34 (Vp = 4.37E-4 torr and Vp = 6.35E-4 torr, respectively), 35 and it may therefore be concluded that soon after the experiment begun, the 15:1 (OH:Ac) initial mixture approximated to the 1:0, decreasing hence its attractivity, and that the 1:1 was enriched in the alcohol, becoming more similar to the blend that was most active in the wind tunnel. In fact, the 15:1 and 1:0 initial mixtures performed similarly throughout the experiment, and so did the 1:1 initial mixture towards the end (Figure 2), possibly due to a complete evaporation of the acetate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and field evaluation of synthetic blends of the sex pheromone of Crocidosema aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in soybean

González

Altesor

Alves

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Crocidosema (= Epinotia) aporema (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) é uma broca das axilas que se alimenta de soja e leguminosas forrageiras. Sua importância econômica é restrita à América do Sul onde pode alternar, ao longo do ano, entre leguminosas forrageiras e grãos. O feromônio sexual das fêmeas de C. aporema é composto de uma mistura 15:1 de (7Z,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dieno-1-ol e acetato de (7Z,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dienila. Com o intuito de desenvolver uma ferramenta para monitoramento deste inseto praga, os dois componentes do feromônio foram sintetizados e avaliou-se, em um experimento de campo no Uruguai, a captura de machos em armadilhas iscadas com diferentes misturas do feromônio sintético. Os dienos conjugados foram obtidos a partir de 2-pentin-1-ol e 1,7-heptanodiol, através da oxidação do primeiro, seguido pelo acoplamento de Wittig e redução da ligação tripla catalisada com Zn. A mistura 1:1 testada no campo foi a mais eficiente na captura dos machos. As armadilhas de feromônio foram atrativas por mais de 40 dias, mesmo com pequenas quantidades dos compostos (0,1 mg) impregnadas nos septos, e com baixas densidades populacionais dos insetos no campo.Crocidosema (= Epinotia) aporema (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a bud borer that feeds on soybean and forage legumes. Its economic importance is restricted to South America, where it can alternate throughout the year between forage and grain legumes. The sex pheromone of C. aporema females is composed of a 15:1 mixture of (7Z,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-ol and (7Z,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dienyl acetate. Aiming at the development of a monitoring tool, it was synthesized both components of the pheromone and evaluated male captures in pheromone traps baited with different blends of synthetic pheromone, in an experimental soybean field in Uruguay. The conjugated dienes were obtained from 2-pentyn-1-ol and 1,7-heptanediol, by oxidation of the former, Wittig coupling and Zn-catalyzed reduction of the triple bond. The 1:1 mixture was the most efficient in capturing males. The pheromone traps were attractive for up to 40 days, even with small septum loads (0.1 mg) and low population levels.Keywords: sex pheromone synthesis, Crocidosema (= Epinotia) aporema, pest monitoring, pheromone traps IntroductionSoybean production in Uruguay has increased dramatically in the past decade, 1 resulting in an expansion of legume-specialized insects such as Crocidosema (= Epinotia) aporema (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). This trend correlates with a significant increase in the use of insecticides, which has risen up to three-fold between 2001 and 2011. 2 C. aporema is a stem and bud borer that has become a major pest of legumes in Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Southern Brazil.3-6 Originally from Costa Rica, this speciesSynthesis and Field Evaluation of Synthetic Blends of the Sex Pheromone of Crocidosema aporema J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1998 is now widely distributed across South America. The insect is active throughout the year, going through 5-6 generations per year conce...

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Behaviour-modifying chemicals: prospects and constraints in IPM.

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced Mating Success of Female Tortricid Moths Following Intense Pheromone Auto-Exposure Varies with Sophistication of Mating System

Reduced Mating Success of Female Tortricid Moths Following Intense Pheromone Auto-Exposure Varies with Sophistication of Mating System

Mating Disruption of Citrus Leafminer Mediated by a Noncompetitive Mechanism at a Remarkably Low Pheromone Release Rate

Synthesis and field evaluation of synthetic blends of the sex pheromone of Crocidosema aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in soybean

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