Behaviour modification in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Calle-Pascual, Alfonso; Rodríguez, C.; Camacho, Francine; Sánchez, Roberto Méndez; Martín-Álvarez, Pedro J.; Yuste, E.; Hidalgo, I Casas; Diaz, Rosanne; Calle, José Ramón Caballero de la; Charro, Aniceto

doi:10.1016/0168-8227(92)90020-r

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In patients with type 2 diabetes, lifestyle intervention has shown beneficial effects on traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as plasma glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure, although the effect may be modest and transient [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The evidence for an association between glycaemic control and systemic inflammation in subjects with diabetes seems conflicting [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Aas¹,

Seljeflot

Torjesen

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Aas¹,

Seljeflot

Torjesen

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

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“…Weight-reducing regimens can normalise glucose tolerance, 534,535 or reduce or eliminate the need for hypoglycaemic therapy. 529,[536][537][538] (1+) Weight loss by any means improves insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To quantify absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and treatment in Australian adults. Design, participants: Cross‐sectional representative study of 9564 people aged 18 years or more who had participated in the 2011–12 Australian National Health Measures Survey (response rate for those aged 45–74 years: 46.5%). Main outcome measures: Prior CVD was ascertained and 5‐year absolute risk of a primary CVD event calculated (using the Australian National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance algorithm; categories: low [< 10%], moderate [10–15%], and high [> 15%] risk) on the basis of data on medical history, risk factors and medications, derived from interviews, physical measurements, and blood and urine samples. Results: Absolute CVD risk increased with age and was higher among men than women. Overall, 19.9% (95% CI, 18.5–21.3%) of Australians aged 45–74 years had a high absolute risk of a future CVD event (an estimated 1 445 000 people): 8.7% (95% CI, 7.8–9.6%) had prior CVD (estimated 634 000 people) and 11.2% (95% CI, 10.2–12.2%) had high primary CVD risk (estimated 811 000 people). A further 8.6% (95% CI, 7.4–9.8%, estimated 625 000) were at moderate primary CVD risk. Among those with prior CVD, 44.2% (95% CI, 36.8–51.6%) were receiving blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering medications, 35.4% (95% CI, 27.8–43.0%) were receiving only one of these, and 20.4% (95% CI, 13.9–26.9%) were receiving neither. Corresponding figures for high primary CVD risk were 24.3% (95% CI, 18.3–30.3%); 28.7% (95% CI, 22.7–34.7%); and 47.1% (95% CI, 39.9–54.3%). Conclusions: About one‐fifth of the Australian population aged 45–74 years (about 1.4 million individuals) were estimated to have a high absolute risk of a future CVD event. Most (estimated 970 000) were not receiving currently recommended combination blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy, indicating substantial potential for health gains by increasing routine assessment and treatment according to absolute CVD risk.

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“…How can we achieve long-term modification of life-style? Since is well known that change of habits in adults is a very difficult task, Educational therapy and Psychotherapy may help us to obtain positive results [57][58][59].…”

Section: Treatment Of the Obese Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to treat overweight and grade I obesity it could be enough with the use of a life-style change program, in some cases with the concurrence of behavioral education [58] or psychotherapy [59]. While for grade II and III obese patients, at the beginning of the diagnostic process the existence of concomitant psychological anomalies should be ruled-out [11][12][13].Thereafter, the help of a psychotherapist can be useful to facilitate the change of habits [57][58][59][60][61]. In these cases some drugs can be used as adjuvant treatment.…”

Section: Treatment Of the Obese Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Update on Obesity Management

Cordido¹

2014

OCTOA

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we update some aspects of the obesity including the relationship between the adipose tissue and inflammation. Obesity definition and diagnosis Adipose tissue, almost more than any other tissue, is increasingly being considered contributing to both human wellbeing and disease processes. Obesity can be defined as an excess of body fat. Its clinical management is complex and frequently unsuccessful [4]. A surrogate marker for body fat content is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is widely used both for epidemiological studies and clinical evaluations [5]. Among children and adolescents age and gender cutoff values should be used [6]. A better way to define obesity should be in terms of Body Fat Percentage (BF%) that can be measured by different techniques, from skin-fold measurements to magnetic resonance [7]. Other frequently used methods for determining BF% include Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), underwater weighing and Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP). When BF% determination is not available, BMI is the most frequently used surrogate measure of adiposity. However, BMI exhibits notable inaccuracies not precisely reflecting body fat, for instance, the changes in body composition in the different periods of life or the sexual dimorphism characteristics of body adiposity [8]. Since the possibility of measuring BF% is not always available and the relation between BMI and BF% is highly dependent on sex and age, several prediction equations that account for sex and/or age have been published. Recently new predictive equations that may be used as a first screening tool in clinical practice have been published [9]. Obesity pathogenesis Obesity is a chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes. Mechanistically is the result of an imbalance between the energy ingested in food and the energy expended. As a cause, in addition to a predisposed genetic make-up that promotes fat

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Behaviour modification in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Update on Obesity Management

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