Behaviour and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) subjected to short-term submergence in commercial scale sea-cages

Dempster, Tim; Juell, Jon‐Erik; Fosseidengen, Jan Erik; Fredheim, Arne; Lader, Pål

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.018

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The camera was controlled by winches and recorded video clips throughout the sampling period. Instantaneous swimming speeds were calculated from the video recordings, in body lengths per second (BL·s −1 ) by measuring the time taken for the snout and tail of a fish to pass a vertical reference line in the cage [41]. Each experimental period was divided into three parts, and 10 fish for each third were haphazardly chosen and used for analysis, totalling 30 measurements per period and 120 in the replicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Behavioural Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Light, Infrasound and Sound Stimuli

et al. 2013

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Understanding species-specific flight behaviours is essential in developing methods of guiding fish spatially, and requires knowledge on how groups of fish respond to aversive stimuli. By harnessing their natural behaviours, the use of physical manipulation or other potentially harmful procedures can be minimised. We examined the reactions of sea-caged groups of 50 salmon (1331±364 g) to short-term exposure to visual or acoustic stimuli. In light experiments, fish were exposed to one of three intensities of blue LED light (high, medium and low) or no light (control). Sound experiments included exposure to infrasound (12 Hz), a surface disturbance event, the combination of infrasound and surface disturbance, or no stimuli. Groups that experienced light, infrasound, and the combination of infrasound and surface disturbance treatments, elicited a marked change in vertical distribution, where fish dived to the bottom of the sea-cage for the duration of the stimulus. Light treatments, but not sound, also reduced the total echo-signal strength (indicative of swim bladder volume) after exposure to light, compared to pre-stimulus levels. Groups in infrasound and combination treatments showed increased swimming activity during stimulus application, with swimming speeds tripled compared to that of controls. In all light and sound treatments, fish returned to their pre-stimulus swimming depths and speeds once exposure had ceased. This work establishes consistent, short-term avoidance responses to these stimuli, and provides a basis for methods to guide fish for aquaculture applications, or create avoidance barriers for conservation purposes. In doing so, we can achieve the manipulation of group position with minimal welfare impacts, to create more sustainable practices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Behavioural Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Light, Infrasound and Sound Stimuli

et al. 2013

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“…Further, evidence suggests that current velocities are negatively correlated with sea lice levels on salmon (Revie et al, 2003), yet how flow hydrodynamics relate to infestation rates is poorly understood. No study has yet tested the effects of current velocities on sea louse initial attachment or post-settlement survival at swimming speeds relevant to the average daytime swimming speeds of farmed salmon (0.3-0.9 body length s À1 ; Dempster et al, 2008;Oppedal et al, 2011), or the generally faster swimming speeds ($1.4 body length s À1 ; Thorstad et al, 2012) with which wild salmon smolts migrate through coastal waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gone with the flow: current velocities mediate parasitic infestation of an aquatic host

Samsing

Solstorm

Oppedal

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Videos during each treatment period were recorded at a depth of 3 m. Instantaneous swimming speeds were calculated as body lengths per second (BL s −1 ) based on the time required for the snout and tail of an individual to pass a vertical reference line within the cage (Dempster et al 2008). Swimming speed was calculated for 20 individuals haphazardly chosen in each treatment period, totalling 240 individuals.…”

Section: Swimming Speedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Oldham¹,

Dempster²,

Fosse³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in marine aquaculture cages are heterogeneous and fluctuate rapidly. Here, by temporarily wrapping a tarpaulin around the top 0 to 6 m of a marine cage (~2000 m 3 ), we manipulated DO to evaluate the behavioural response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to hypoxia. Videos were recorded before, during and after DO manipulation at 3 m depth while vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, DO and fish density were continuously measured. The trial was repeated 4 times over a 2 wk period. Temperature and salinity profiles varied little across treatment periods; however, DO saturation was reduced at all depths in all replicate trials during the tarpaulin treatment compared to the periods before or after. In 3 out of 4 trials, swim speeds were 1.5 to 2.7 times slower during the tarpaulin treatment than the before or after periods. Significant changes in vertical distribution of fish density and DO were observed between treatment periods in all replicate trials; salmon swam either above or below the most hypoxic depth layer (59 to 62% DO saturation). In a regression tree analysis, the relative influence of DO in determining fish distribution was 17%, while temperature (39%) and salinity (44%) explained the majority of variation. Our results demonstrate that salmon are capable of modifying their distribution and possibly activity levels in response to intermediate DO levels, but that DO is not a primary driver of behaviour at the saturation levels examined in this study.

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Behaviour and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) subjected to short-term submergence in commercial scale sea-cages

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Group Behavioural Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Light, Infrasound and Sound Stimuli

Group Behavioural Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Light, Infrasound and Sound Stimuli

Gone with the flow: current velocities mediate parasitic infestation of an aquatic host

Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

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