Behaviors in kindergarten are associated with trajectories of long-term welfare receipt: A 30-year population-based study

Vergunst, Francis; Tremblay, Richard E.; Vitaro, Frank; Nagin, Daniel S.; Park, Jungwee; Algan, Yann; Beasley, Elizabeth; Côté, Sylvana M.

doi:10.1017/s095457942100047x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The same pathways may also play a role in the link between aggression-opposition and future earnings, although such a link has not always been found. Indeed, the total effect of aggression-opposition was not significant in the Vergunst, Tremblay, Nagin, Algan, Beasley, Park, Galera, et al (2019) study that used the same innercity low-income sample as the present study, whereas it was significant (for males only) in a population-based study of long-term welfare receipt (Vergunst et al, 2021). How might these diverging results be explained?…”

Section: Aggression-oppositioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid‐life employment earnings for males from low‐income neighborhoods

et al. 2023

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Childhood behavior problems are associated with reduced labor market participation and lower earnings in adulthood, but little is known about the pathways and mechanisms that explain these associations. Drawing on a 33‐year prospective birth cohort of White males from low‐income backgrounds (n = 1040), we conducted a path analysis linking participants' teacher‐rated behavior problems at age 6 years—that is, inattention, hyperactivity, aggression‐opposition, and low prosociality—to employment earnings at age 35–39 years obtained from tax records. We examined three psychosocial mediators at age 11–12 years (academic, behavioral, social) and two mediators at age 25 years (non‐high school graduation, criminal convictions). Our findings support the notion that multiple psychosocial pathways—especially low education attainment—link kindergarten behavior problems to lower employment earnings decades later.

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Section: Aggression-oppositioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid‐life employment earnings for males from low‐income neighborhoods

et al. 2023

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“…Our results build on a large body of literature linking childhood high externalizing symptoms and high internalizing symptoms to adverse social and economic outcomes across the life course. [6][7][8][46][47][48] Compared with the no/low symptom profile, participants in the high internalizing profile earned substantially less than participants in the high externalizing profile ($5904 vs $8473), even after adjusting for sex differences in earnings, which may be attributable to the higher burden of major depressive disorder in this population. For children in the high externalizing profile, estimated lost earnings across their working lives amounted to more than $140 515, while for children in the high externalizing profile the difference was more than $201 657.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Externalizing, Internalizing, and Comorbid Symptoms With Long-term Economic and Social Outcomes

et al. 2023

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ImportanceLittle is known about the long-term economic and social outcomes for children with longitudinally assessed comorbid externalizing and internalizing symptoms, especially compared with children with externalizing symptoms or internalizing symptoms only.ObjectiveTo examine the association between childhood trajectories of externalizing, internalizing, and comorbid symptoms and long-term economic and social outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 32-year prospective cohort study linked with administrative data was conducted in school-aged participants aged 6 to 12 years in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (N = 3017) followed up from 1985 to 2017. Data analysis was conducted between August 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022.ExposuresTeacher-rated behavioral symptoms were used to categorize children from age 6 to 12 years into developmental profiles using group-based trajectory modeling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable regression models were used to test the association between childhood symptom profile group and adult employment earnings, welfare receipt, intimate partnership status, and having children living in the household. Participant sex, IQ, and socioeconomic background were adjusted for.ResultsOf 3017 participants in this sample, 1594 (52.8%) were male and 1423 (47.2%) were female. Per confidentiality rules established by Statistics Canada, income variables were rounded to base 100 and count variables were rounded to base 10; the mean (SD) age was 37 (0.29) years at follow-up. Four symptom profiles were identified: no/low (n = 1369 [45.4%]), high externalizing (882 [29.2%]), high internalizing (354 [11.7%]), and comorbid (412 [13.7%]) symptoms. Compared with the no/low symptom profile, participants in the high externalizing–only profile earned $5904 (95% CI, −$7988 to −$3821) less per year and had 2.0 (95% CI, 1.58-2.53) times higher incidence of welfare receipt, while participants in the high internalizing group earned $8473 (95% CI, −$11 228 to −$5717) less per year, had a 2.07 (95% CI, 1.51-2.83) higher incidence of welfare receipt, and had a lower incidence of intimate partnership (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99). Participants in the comorbid profile fared especially poorly: they earned $15 031 (95% CI, −$18 030 to −$12 031) less per year, had a 3.79 (95% CI, 2.75-5.23) times higher incidence of annual welfare receipt, and were less likely to have an intimate partner (IRR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.79) and children living in the household (IRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.92). Estimated lost earnings over a 40-year working career were $140 515 for the high externalizing, $201 657 for the high internalizing, and $357 737 for the comorbid profiles.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, children exhibiting sustained childhood high externalizing, high internalizing, or comorbid symptoms were at increased risk of poor economic and social outcomes into middle age. These findings suggest that children exhibiting comorbid problems were especially vulnerable and that early detection and support are indicated.

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“…In clinical subjects with anxiety disorder, salivary oxytocin levels were negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms, suggesting a role of oxytocin in regulating anxiety (45). In kindergarteners, Wu and Su (46) found that oxytocin levels were significantly and positively associated with prosocial behaviors in children from 3 to 5 years old, in which childhood prosocial behaviors were found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of having socioeconomical difficulties in adulthood, a common adversity, in a recent population-based study (47). In addition, a longitudinal study demonstrated the association between oxytocin receptor genes polymorphism and childhood adversities starting from kindergarten years (48).…”

Section: Oxytocinmentioning

confidence: 95%

Revisit the Effectiveness of Educational Kinesiology on Stress and Anxiety Amelioration in Kindergarteners With Special Needs Using Biological Measures

Tai

Lau

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Educational kinesiology is a popular intervention that aims to improve brain functioning via physical movements. Yet, it lacks supporting scientific evidence and is regarded as pseudoscience. Given the popularity of educational kinesiology in school settings, it is important to revisit its effectiveness through scientific research. Previous studies that evaluated the effectiveness of educational kinesiology relied mainly on subjective measures, in which subjective bias is inevitable. Cortisol and oxytocin levels in saliva have been reported to be reliable stress and anxiety markers that provide unbiased objective data. This study explores the effect of educational kinesiology on the changes in salivary cortisol and oxytocin levels in kindergarteners with special needs.Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. Thirty-seven kindergarteners (3.5–6.5 years old) who were either diagnosed with one type of special needs or referred by school principals due to the requirement of special supports at school were assigned to either the intervention group, which received 1-h educational kinesiology intervention weekly for a total of 10 weeks, or the wait-list control group. Saliva samples were collected at baseline and after the completion of intervention programme for the measurement of cortisol and oxytocin levels. Scores of Parent-rated Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS-TC) were also collected at pre- and post-intervention. Because of the small samples, non-parametric tests such as Mann-Whitney U test, Quade test, and Fisher's exact tests were used in this study where appropriate.Results: After controlled for the effect at baseline, gender and types of special needs, the changes in oxytocin levels were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control [F(1, 35) = 4.747, p = 0.036, eta2 = 0.119], whereas no significant between-group difference in changes of cortisol levels was observed [F(1, 35) = 0.306, p = 0.584, eta2 = 0.009]. Results from PAS-TC showed significant improvement in anxiety levels after the intervention in the intervention group (p = 0.048, ϕ = 0.344, p = 0.037).Conclusions: Our findings suggest a plausible anti-anxiety effect of educational kinesiology in kindergarteners with special needs by elevating the oxytocin levels. Future studies are warranted to further confirm our findings with a larger sample.

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Behaviors in kindergarten are associated with trajectories of long-term welfare receipt: A 30-year population-based study

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid‐life employment earnings for males from low‐income neighborhoods

Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid‐life employment earnings for males from low‐income neighborhoods

Association of Childhood Externalizing, Internalizing, and Comorbid Symptoms With Long-term Economic and Social Outcomes

Revisit the Effectiveness of Educational Kinesiology on Stress and Anxiety Amelioration in Kindergarteners With Special Needs Using Biological Measures

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