Behavioral variation among cloned pigs

Archer, Gregory S.; Friend, T.H.; Piedrahita, Jorge A.; Nevill, Christian H.; Walker, S.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00272-1

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The unresolved variance originating in the process of development is not limited to biological or structural traits. Archer et al (2003b) compared the variance in several behavioural traits within litters of cloned swines and control (outbred) swines that were held under similar conditions. The traits included food preference, temperament, and time budgets, such as feeding, standing, lying on concrete, lying in bedded area and playing or fighting.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence Of Sources Of Unsystematic Phenotypic Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear epigenetic variance: review and simulations

Kan

Ploeger

Raijmakers

et al. 2009

Developmental Science

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We present a review of empirical evidence that suggests that a substantial portion of phenotypic variance is due to nonlinear (epigenetic) processes during ontogenesis. The role of such processes as a source of phenotypic variance in human behaviour genetic studies is not fully appreciated. In addition to our review, we present simulation studies of nonlinear epigenetic variance using a computational model of neuronal network development. In each simulation study, time series for monozygotic and dizygotic twins were generated and analysed using conventional behaviour genetic modelling. In the results of these analyses, the nonlinear epigenetic variance was subsumed under the non‐shared environmental component. As is commonly found in behaviour genetic studies, observed heritabilities and unique environmentabilities increased with time, whereas common environmentabilities decreased. The fact that the phenotypic effects of nonlinear epigenetic processes appear as unsystematic variance in conventional twin analyses complicates the identification and quantification of the ultimate genetic and environmental causes of individual differences. We believe that nonlinear dynamical system theories provide a challenging perspective on the development of individual differences, which may enrich behaviour genetic studies.

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Section: Empirical Evidence Of Sources Of Unsystematic Phenotypic Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear epigenetic variance: review and simulations

Kan

Ploeger

Raijmakers

et al. 2009

Developmental Science

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“…This work suggests that—even in the absence of genetic and environmental differences—maternal and epigenetic effects and/or minute experiential/environmental differences during development act as important drivers underlying phenotypic variation 12 13 14 . Up to now, only a handful of studies have investigated whether these same mechanisms can promote behavioural individuality in the absence of genetic and environmental differences between individuals 10 15 16 17 18 . Most prominently, recent studies on highly inbred mice find that behavioural individuality emerges among genetically identical individuals 19 20 when reared in the same environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioural individuality in clonal fish arises despite near-identical rearing conditions

2017

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Behavioural individuality is thought to be caused by differences in genes and/or environmental conditions. Therefore, if these sources of variation are removed, individuals are predicted to develop similar phenotypes lacking repeatable individual variation. Moreover, even among genetically identical individuals, direct social interactions are predicted to be a powerful factor shaping the development of individuality. We use tightly controlled ontogenetic experiments with clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), to test whether near-identical rearing conditions and lack of social contact dampen individuality. In sharp contrast to our predictions, we find that (i) substantial individual variation in behaviour emerges among genetically identical individuals isolated directly after birth into highly standardized environments and (ii) increasing levels of social experience during ontogeny do not affect levels of individual behavioural variation. In contrast to the current research paradigm, which focuses on genes and/or environmental drivers, our findings suggest that individuality might be an inevitable and potentially unpredictable outcome of development.

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“…More likely, each animal species has its own sensory spectrum. Furthermore, individuals within the species have preferences – even cloned pigs respond differently to taste (Archer et al , 2003).…”

Section: Sense Of Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare

Kittawornrat

Zimmerman

2010

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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Pork production began to flourish in the USA after the practice of finishing pigs on corn was popularized in the late 1600s. By the 1840s, there were 35 million pigs and 20 million people in the USA and Cincinnati was the world's largest pork market. Between 1890 and the present, the total number of pigs in the USA has remained at 50-60 million, but dramatic changes in swine husbandry over the course of the 20th century have metamorphosed pig production from small, extensive (outdoor), labor-dependent enterprises into large, intensive (indoor), capital-dependent, production systems. This development has led to debate concerning the impact of swine production on animal/human health, the environment, and the welfare of the animals under our care. In a very tangible way, the future of pork production depends on effectively addressing the public's concerns regarding animal welfare and health. Here, we review basic sensory and behavioral aspects of swine with the objective of reaching a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare. The premise of this discussion is that safeguarding animal welfare and health is good for pigs, pork producers and the animal-conscious public.

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Behavioral variation among cloned pigs

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Nonlinear epigenetic variance: review and simulations

Nonlinear epigenetic variance: review and simulations

Behavioural individuality in clonal fish arises despite near-identical rearing conditions

Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare

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