Behavioral treatments for nocturnal enuresis in children: A review of the recent literature.

Abstract

This paper reviews the recent literature reporting on the use of behavioral treatments for functional nocturnal enuresis in children. The treatment procedures are divided into three categories: (a) those that used the standard urine alarm or bell-and-pad, (b) those that employed retention control training, and (c) those that modified existing stimulus or consequent events but that did not use the urine alarm or retention control training as the primary mode of treatment. The results are presented and then evaluated under each of the three categories.

Treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis: an examination of clinically relevant principles

“…However, the most problematic methodological issue was the treatment duration. Children were only treated for 2 weeks before crossover, which is suf®cient time to assess the effect of desmopressin but clearly insuf®cient to test the effectiveness of the alarm, as 5±12 weeks has been suggested as the mean treatment duration with an enuresis alarm [11,12]. Thus treatment success in the A+D group was arguably caused by a response to desmopressin, whereas insuf®cient duration of treatment in the A+P group must have contributed to the failure rate in this group.…”

Effects of Systematic Treatment Based on OvernightSi multaneous Monitoring of Electroencephalography and Cystometry

“…It is thought that one of the effects of conditioning treatment is to awaken the patients before enuresis [4]. In this study, the awakening score expressed how easily the patients awoke just before enuresis.…”

Enurese na adolescência: estudo de caso com intervenção comportamental

“…Tomando-se o primeiro critério, pode ser primária (contínua, persistente ou crônica) -no caso de a criança nunca ter apresentado o controle vesical -ou secundária (descontínua, "onset", regressiva ou adquirida) -no caso de a continência já ter sido verificada na criança por um período de pelo menos seis meses (Doleys, 1977).…”

“…A enurese é considerada como um ato de micção repetida e inadequada (Souza, Oliveira & Von Poser, 1995) e se refere ao urinar acidental ou incontrolado (Mellon & Houts, 1995) sendo definida funcionalmente como "o molhar-se que ocorre na ausência de patologia urológica ou neurológica" (Doleys, 1977). É enquadrada pela psicopatologia atual como uma desordem funcional de eliminação que requer tratamentos médico-psicológicos (Mellon & Houts, 1995).…”