Behavioral synthesis via engineering change

Drinic, M.; Kirovski, D.

doi:10.1109/dac.2002.1012587

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…In the literature, ECs are also used to term changes in the context of construction [e.g., Thomas and Napolitan, 1995; Mokhtar et al, 1998; Hanna et al, 1999a, 1999b; G. Lee et al, 2003; Hanna and Swanson, 2007; Zhao et al, 2008; Yilin and Xie, 2010], software engineering [e.g., Lindvall and Sandahl, 1998; Rajlich, 2000; Schach and Tomer, 2000; Ibrahim et al, 2005; Hassan et al, 2010; W.‐T. Lee et al, 2010], and Integrated Circuits and Systems [e.g., Khatri et al, 1996; Kirovski and Potkonjak, 1999; Perfecto et al, 1999; Drinić and Kirovski, 2002; Kirovski et al, 2005; Nakamura et al, 2005; Kuo et al, 2009]. Publications from those areas are included if they contribute to ECM in a mechanical design context.…”

Section: Literature Survey and Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of tumor markers in cytological fluid obtained from computed tomography–guided needle aspiration biopsies for the diagnosis of ground‐glass opacity pulmonary lesions

Kim

Hur

Lee

et al. 2012

Cancer Cytopathology

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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess whether analyses of tumor markers in cytological fluid can improve the performance of computed tomography (CT)‐guided needle aspiration biopsy (NAB) for the diagnosis of ground‐glass opacity (GGO) pulmonary lesions.METHODS:Forty‐two patients were prospectively enrolled for CT‐guided NAB. Levels of cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21‐1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from serum and cytological fluid were measured. The cutoff values of 3.3 ng/mL for CYFRA 21‐1 and 5.0 ng/mL for CEA (threshold A) or thresholds by adding 2 standard deviations to the mean levels of markers found in patients without malignancy (threshold B) were used to identify malignancy. The sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) of NAB alone were compared with those of NAB combined with serum or cytological tumor markers.RESULTS:Among the 42 patients, 30 (71.4%) had malignant and 12 (28.6%) had benign lesions. For NAB alone, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for diagnosing GGO were 70.0%, 100%, and 0.850, respectively. The sensitivity and AUC increased significantly for NAB with cytological CYFRA 21‐1 compared with NAB alone, using both thresholds (threshold A: 86.7%, P = .026 and .933, P = .016; threshold B: 93.3%, P = .008 and .925, P = .046).CONCLUSIONS:Cytological fluid measurements of CYFRA 21‐1 can improve the diagnostic performance of CT‐guided NAB for GGO pulmonary lesions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:214–222. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

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