Behavioral smoking cessation treatment for older chronic smokers

Hill, Robert D.; Rigdon, Michael A.; Johnson, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80272-2

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some studies showed lower cessation rates at longer follow-up times (Ferketich et al, 2012; Tashkin et al, 2011) or fluctuations but a generally downward trend over time (Hall et al, 2009; Hill et al, 1993). Potential reasons for this pattern may be related to relapse in the post-treatment period (Tashkin et al, 2011) or a decline in compliance to intervention over time (Costello et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking cessation interventions for adults aged 50 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background The older population size has increased substantially, and a considerable proportion of older adults are cigarette smokers. Quitting smoking is associated with reduced health risk. This review is among the first to quantitatively assess the relative efficacy of types of cessation interventions for smokers aged ≥ 50 years. Methods We conducted searches of the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO to identify smoking cessation studies on adults aged ≥ 50 years. Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Three main types of interventions were identified. We analyzed relative cessation rates or Risk Ratios (RRs) between the type of intervention groups and the control group by fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses at the study level. We conducted a weighted least squares meta-regression of cessation rates on trial and sample characteristics to determine sources of outcome heterogeneity. Results Fixed-effects analysis showed significant treatment effects for pharmacological (RR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.89–5.36), non-pharmacological (RR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.67–1.94), and multimodal interventions (RR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.41–1.84) compared with control group. Estimations based on meta-regression suggested that pharmacological intervention (mean point prevalence abstinence rate (PPA) = 26.10%, CI: 15.20–37.00) resembled non-pharmacological (27.97%, CI: 24.00–31.94), and multimodal interventions (36.64%, CI: 31.66–41.62); and non-pharmacological and multimodal interventions had higher PPAs than the control group (18.80%, CI: 14.48–23.12), after adjusting for a number of trial and sample characteristics. Conclusions A small number of smoking cessation studies examined smokers aged ≥ 50 years. Additional research is recommended to determine smoking cessation efficacy for diverse older population groups (e.g., ethnic minorities).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking cessation interventions for adults aged 50 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…The CBT group had the highest abstinence rates that were maintained at 2 years; NRT did not add to the efficacy of extended CBT [49]. Hill et al conducted a four-armed study with 82 smokers over the age of 50 years; because of the small sample size there were no statistically significant differences, but there was a trend towards greater cessation rate in the consistent nicotine gum users [50]. An intervention in ''midlife and older smokers'' (50-74 years) found that the efficacy of a carefully designed counseling program was not affected by offering nicotine gum [51].…”

Section: Broader Age Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Therapies in Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence

2015

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Nearly 12% of adults 65 years and over in Europe and 9% in the USA are current cigarette smokers. Numerous studies have demonstrated tangible benefits of smoking cessation, regardless of advanced age. However, it is unclear which pharmacotherapy strategies are most effective in the elderly population. To that end, the literature on smoking cessation in older adults was reviewed with the aim of identifying the safest and most effective cessation pharmacotherapies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all articles pertaining to elderly smoking cessation strategies. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. Studies were included without regard to population or intervention, as long as results were analyzed with a group of smokers aged 60 years and above and at least one arm of the study involved a pharmacotherapy. Only 12 studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. The limited existing literature does not allow for a definitive answer to the most effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in older adult smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the pharmacotherapy most studied in older adults, and the limited evidence that exists suggests that NRT is effective for smoking cessation among this population. Higher-quality studies that directly compare cessation strategies, including bupropion and varenicline, are needed in the older population in order to guide treatment decision making.

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“…Most of these studies (J. S. Hill, 1985; R. D. Hill, Rigdon, & Johnson, 1993; Russell, Epstein, Johnston, Block, & Blair, 1988; C.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise for Alcohol Recovery

et al. 2008

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Alcohol use disorders are a major public health concern. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of a number of different treatments for alcohol dependence, relapse remains a major problem. Healthy lifestyle changes may contribute to long-term maintenance of recovery and interventions targeting physical activity, in particular, may be especially valuable as an adjunct to alcohol treatment. In this paper, we discuss the rationale and review potential mechanisms of action whereby exercise might benefit alcohol dependent patients in recovery. We then describe the development of a 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program as an adjunctive intervention for alcohol dependent patients in recovery. Preliminary data from a pilot study (n=19) are presented and the overall significance of this research effort is discussed.

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Behavioral smoking cessation treatment for older chronic smokers

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Smoking cessation interventions for adults aged 50 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Smoking cessation interventions for adults aged 50 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Therapies in Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence

Aerobic Exercise for Alcohol Recovery

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