Behavioral self-help materials as an adjunct to nicotine gum

174

135

1,218 smokers able to quit smoking for 48 hr were randomly assigned to one of 12 cells in a 4 x 3 fully crossed factorial experiment. A pharmacologic factor contained four levels: nicotine polacrilex (gum) delivered ad lib or on a fixed regimen, placebo gum, and no gum. A self-guided behavioral treatment factor contained three levels: self-selected relapse prevention modules, randomly administered modules, and no modules. Those receiving nicotine gum were more likely to be abstinent at the 2- and 6-month follow-ups. The fixed regimen accounted for most of the effect for gum. There was no effect for the relapse prevention module factor. Men and women showed a differential treatment response. Men who received nicotine gum were more likely to be abstinent at each follow-up (2, 6, and 12 months). No treatment was significantly better among women. We conclude that research on different gum chewing regimens is warranted and that further examination of possible gender differences in response to replacement therapy is needed.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a treatment approach combining nicotine gum with self-guided behavioral treatments for smoking relapse prevention.

Killen¹,

Fortmann²,

Newman³

et al. 1990

174

135

“…Results from studies attempting to combine the use of self-help materials and nicotine gum have not been encouraging. Specialized manuals with detailed instructions for using the gum did not improve quit rates when compared with a generic American Cancer Society information pamphlet (Lando, Kalb, & McGovern, 1988). Adding nicotine gum to the use of a self-help manual did improve short-term quit rates, compared with self-help alone, but that difference disappeared by a 12-month follow-up (Harackiewicz, Blair, Sansone, Epstein, & Stuchell, 1988).…”

Section: Review Of Recent Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Self-help interventions for smoking cessation.

Curry¹

1993

Self-help interventions for smoking cessation are an important bridge between the clinical and public health approaches to smoking cessation. The current literature on self-help interventions is encouraging but incomplete. Although their quit rates are lower than those of more intensive programs, self-help interventions could have a large public health impact because of their potential for widespread distribution. Studies comparing self-help to more intensive treatment suggest that long-term cessation rates for self-help programs are potentially as high as rates for face-to-face interventions, with lower quit rates for self-help programs that are likely due to differences in program adherence. Tailored materials and personalized adjuncts (e.g., written feedback or telephone counseling) that promote program adherence may increase cessation rates.

“…Although stepped-care and matching strategies have been identified as important topics for study (Abrams et al, 1996; Fiore et al, 1996), few studies have been published that assess the potential value of these approaches. In terms of stepped-care strategies, the only published research involves studies in which participants initially took 2-mg nicotine gum and were later given the option of taking 4-mg nicotine gum (e.g., Campbell, Prescott, & Tjeder-Burton, 1991; Kornitzer, Kittel, Dramaix, & Bourdoux, 1987; Lando, Kalb, & McGovern, 1988). To our knowledge, only one study has systematically manipulated pharmacotherapy contingent on cessation difficulties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strike while the iron is hot: Can stepped-care treatments resurrect relapsing smokers?

Smith¹,

Jorenby²,

Fiore³

et al. 2001

The efficacies of 2 group counseling step-up treatments for smoking cessation, cognitive-behavioral/skill training therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing/supportive (MIS) therapy, were compared with brief intervention (BI) treatment in a sample of 677 smokers. Differential efficacy of the 2 step-up treatments was also tested in smokers at low and high risk for relapse (no smoking vs. any smoking during the first postquit week. respectively). All participants received 8 weeks of nicotine patch therapy. BI consisted of 3 brief individual cessation counseling sessions; CBT and MIS participants received BI treatment and 6 group counseling sessions. Neither CBT nor MIS treatment improved long-term abstinence rates relative to BI. Limited support was found for the hypothesis that high-risk smokers would benefit more from MIS than CBT. Other hypotheses were not supported.