Behavioral Responses to Amphetamines in Identical Twins

Crabbe, John C.; Jarvik, Lissy F.; Liston, Edward H.; Jenden, Donald J.

doi:10.1017/s0001566000006425

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…People differ in the intensity of response to AMPH on various measures, including physiological (Stoops et al, 2007), choice to self-administer the drug (de Wit et al, 1986; Uhlenhuth et al, 1981), and subjective feelings of euphoria, friendliness, arousal, and elation (Crabbe et al, 1983; Silberman et al, 1981; White et al, 2006). Individuals also differ in the quality of effects; that is, whether they experience anxiety or euphoria, or improvements or impairments in performance (Crabbe et al, 1983; Mattay et al, 2003; Nurnberger et al, 1982; Silberman et al, 1981). To the extent that initially pleasant effects favor repeated use of a drug, individual differences in AMPH response may contribute to risk for excessive use or abuse (see Comer et al, 2010; de Wit and Phillips, 2012; Fischman & Foltin, 1991; Jasinski, 1991 for discussion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and the acute subjective effects of d-amphetamine in humans

2013

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There is evidence that subjective responses to psychoactive drugs are related to personality traits. Here, we extend previous findings by examining personality measures in relation to acute responses to d-amphetamine (AMPH) in a large sample of healthy volunteers. Healthy adults (n=286) completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form (MPQ-BF) and participated in four sessions during which they received oral AMPH (0, 5,10, 20 mg), under double-blind conditions. Subjective responses to the drug were measured using the Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Drug responses were reduced via principal components analysis to three higher-order factors (‘Euphoria’, ‘Arousal’, ‘Dysphoria’). Participants were rank ordered on selected MPQ-BF scales; the top and bottom third on each trait were compared on the drug response factors. High trait physical fearlessness was significantly associated with greater amphetamine-related Arousal, and high trait reward sensitivity was significantly associated with greater Euphoria. In addition, high trait impulsivity was significantly associated with greater Arousal and Euphoria. These results provide further evidence that individual differences in the subjective effects of AMPH are partially explained by differences in personality, and are consistent with the idea that both personality and responses to stimulants depend upon shared neurochemical systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and the acute subjective effects of d-amphetamine in humans

2013

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“…Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance in subjective response to amphetamine as compared with dizygotic twins, showing that subject drug response is a heritable genetic trait (Crabbe et al , 1983; Nurnberger et al , 1982). We and others have identified specific genes and polymorphisms that influence acute behavioral and subjective response to amphetamine in healthy human volunteers (Dlugos et al , 2007; Hohoff et al , 2005; Lott et al , 2005; Mattay et al , 2003; Veenstra-VanderWeele et al , 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Aroused, Less Fatigued: Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Gene Polymorphisms Influence Acute Response to Amphetamine

Dlugos

Hamidovic

Hodgkinson

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Amphetamine is a stimulant drug that enhances attention and feelings of alertness. Amphetamine's effects are known to be modulated by endogenous cannabinoids, which are degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In this study we investigated inter-individual differences in mood response to amphetamine in relation to four polymorphisms in the FAAH gene, including the FAAH missense variant rs324420C-A (Pro129Thr), which was previously found to be associated with street drug use and addictive traits. One hundred and fifty-nine healthy Caucasian volunteers participated in a three-session, double-blind crossover study receiving either placebo or oral d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg). Associations between individual genotypes and levels of self-reported Arousal (Profile of Mood States) after d-amphetamine ingestion were investigated using two-way ANOVAs/ANCOVAs. Association analyses for haplotypes were performed using the adaptive permutation approach implemented in PLINK. Genotypes at rs3766246 and rs2295633 were significantly associated with increased ratings of Arousal (po0.05) and Fatigue (po0.01) after the 10-mg dose. Fatigue levels were also found to be associated with the haplotypes CCC and TAT formed from rs3766246, rs324420, and rs2295633 (po0.05). These data suggest that the endocannabinoid system influences variation in subjective response to amphetamine. This has important implications for understanding the role of endogenous cannabinoids in response to amphetamine, studies of poly-substance abuse, and understanding the genetic determinants of inter-individual differences in stimulant effects and risk of abuse.

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“…Individual differences in the magnitude of the drug effect have been reported, on measures such as self-reports of control, friendliness, and arousal, and physician-rated elation (Crabbe et al, 1983;Silberman et al, 1981). Individual differences in the direction or quality of the effects of the drug have also been reported, including, for example, either increases or decreases in observer-rated excitation, self-rated tension, and fMRI measures of prefrontal cortex efficiency (Nurnberger et al, 1982;Crabbe et al, 1983;Mattay et al, 2003). Causes of such betweensubjects differences are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and the Subjective Effects of Acute Amphetamine in Healthy Volunteers

White

Lott

Wit

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Individual differences in the positive mood and other subjective effects of d-amphetamine have been linked to personality traits related to sensation seeking. The current study extends these associations to separate personality traits of reward sensitivity, physical fearlessness, and impulsivity. A total of 128 healthy volunteers received oral doses of d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg) or placebo in counterbalanced order. Their responses to the drug were measured using the Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Participants completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form to assess personality traits related to reward sensitivity (Agentic Positive Emotionality and Social Potency (SP)), physical fear (Harm Avoidance (HA)), and impulsivity (Control (CL)). Participants were rank ordered on each trait, and individuals with scores in the top and bottom thirds of scores on each trait were compared using ANCOVA. High trait physical fearlessness (low HA) was associated with greater positive activational effects of 10 mg d-amphetamine. High trait reward sensitivity (high SP) was marginally associated with greater positive activational effects of 20 mg d-amphetamine. High trait impulsivity (low CL) was unrelated to positive drug effects in response either dose. The two separate personality traits of physical fearlessness and reward sensitivity are associated with d-amphetamine effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Implications for the vulnerability to psychostimulant addiction in healthy nonaddicts are discussed.

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Behavioral Responses to Amphetamines in Identical Twins

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Personality and the acute subjective effects of d-amphetamine in humans

Personality and the acute subjective effects of d-amphetamine in humans

More Aroused, Less Fatigued: Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Gene Polymorphisms Influence Acute Response to Amphetamine

Personality and the Subjective Effects of Acute Amphetamine in Healthy Volunteers

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