Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision

Jian-yu, XU; Liu, Ying; Shao-rong, Cui; XiangWen, Miao

doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.02.004

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When submitted to hypoxia, S. eigenmanni would reduce gill ventilation and oxygen uptake, which would lead to a decrease of gill ion efflux and, consequently, reducing ion loss, as observed. For example, a significant decrease on gill ventilation (compared to specimens maintained in normoxia) was observed in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, (Peters, 1852) exposed to hypoxic levels (below 20 mmHg) (Xu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

et al. 2008

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The aim of this study was to describe the effect of hypoxia on whole body ion fluxes and hematological parameters in two Amazonian teleosts: Serrasalmus eigenmanni and Metynnis hypsauchen. The increase of Na + and Cl -effluxes on M. hypsauchen exposed to hypoxia may be related to an increase of gill ventilation and effective respiratory surface area, to avoid a reduction in the oxygen uptake, and/or with the decrease of pHe, that could inhibit Na + and Cl -transporters and, therefore, reduce influx of these ions. Effluxes of Na + and Cl -were lower in hypoxia than in normoxia for S. eigenmanni, possibly because in hypoxia this species would reduce gill ventilation and oxygen uptake, which would lead to a decrease of gill ion efflux and, consequently, reducing ion loss. The increase on hematocrit (Ht) during hypoxia in M. hypsauchen probably was caused by an increase of the red blood cell volume (MCV). For S. eigenmanni the increase on glucose possibly results from the usage of glucose reserve mobilization. Metynnis hypsauchen showed to be more sensitive to hypoxia than Serrasalmus eigenmanni, since the first presented more significant alterations on these osmoregulatory and hematological parameters. Nevertheless, the alterations observed for both species are strategies adopted by fishes to preserve oxygen supply to metabolizing tissues during exposure to hypoxia.Keywords: amazon fishes, dissolved oxygen levels, hematology, body ion fluxes.Fluxos iônicos e parâmetros hematológicos em duas espécies de teleósteos do Rio Negro, Amazônia, expostos à hipoxia ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o efeito da hipoxia no fluxo iônico corporal e nos parâmetros hematológicos em duas espécies de teleósteos da Amazônia: Serrasalmus eigenmanni e Metynnis hypsauchen. O aumento dos efluxos de Na + e Cl -em M. hypsauchen expostos à hipoxia pode estar relacionado ao aumento da ventilação branquial e da eficiência da área da superfície respiratória, a fim de evitar redução na captação de oxigênio; e/ou com a diminuição do pHe, que pode inibir os transportadores de Na + e Cl -e, então, reduzir o influxo destes íons. Os efluxos de Na + e Cl -foram menores em hipoxia do que em normoxia para a espécie S. eigenmanni, possivelmente porque esta espécie em hipoxia poderia reduzir a ventilação branquial e a captação de oxigênio, a qual levaria a uma diminuição do efluxo branquial de íons e, conseqüentemente, à redução da perda de íons. O aumento do hematócrito (Ht) durante hipoxia em M. hypsauchen provavelmente foi causado pelo aumento do volume das células vermelhas do sangue (MCV). Para a espécie S. eigenmanni, o aumento da glicose possivelmente foi resultado do uso da mobilização da reserva de glicose. A espécie Metynnis hypsauchen mostrou ser mais sensível à hipoxia do que a espécie Serrasalmus eigenmanni, uma vez que a primeira espécie apresentou mais alterações significativas em seus parâmetros osmorregulatórios e hematológicos. Contudo, as alterações observadas em ambas as espécies são estratégias adotadas pelos peix...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

et al. 2008

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“…Frequency of ventilation increases up to a certain critical low oxygenation level after which it again decreases and the fish suffocate after a while. In contrast, the frequency of ventilation decreases when O 2 is in excess (Randall 1982;Xu et al 2006). It is known that a slight excess of dissolved carbon dioxide levels leads to variable ventilatory responses according to the water chemistry and the fish physiological status; a large excess can be narcotic resulting in decreased ventilatory activity (Osborne and Muntz 1906).…”

Section: Ventilatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish

Martins¹,

Galhardo²,

Noble³

et al. 2011

Current Views on Fish Welfare

120

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Behaviour represents a reaction to the environment as fish perceive it and is therefore a key element of fish welfare. This review summarises the main findings on how behavioural changes have been used to assess welfare in farmed fish, using both functional and feeling-based approaches. Changes in foraging behaviour, ventilatory activity, aggression, individual and group swimming behaviour, stereotypic and abnormal behaviour have been linked with acute and chronic stressors in aquaculture and can therefore be regarded as likely indicators of poor welfare. On the contrary, measurements of exploratory behaviour, feed anticipatory activity and rewardrelated operant behaviour are beginning to be considered as indicators of positive emotions and welfare in

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“…Fish compensate oxygen shortage by increasing ventilatory tidal volume and/or ventilation rate, which led to hyperventilation and consequently an increase in gill ventilation (Sakuragui et al, 2003;Evans et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2006). This increase in gill ventilation is also accompanied by haemodynamic alterations to increase blood flow in the gills to enhance gas exchange (Sundin, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion fluxes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels

2006

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Low dissolved oxygen levels in the water (hypoxia) can be provoked by oxygen consumption by fish and other organisms, organic matter decomposition, phytoplankton blooms, and temperature increase. The objective of the present study was to investigate Na + , Cl -, K + , and ammonia fluxes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels. Juveniles (9 ± 1g) maintained at 6.0 mg.L -1 dissolved oxygen were transferred to four 40 L aquaria with different dissolved oxygen levels (in mg.L -1 ): 6.0, 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5. In another series of experiments, juveniles were acclimated at 6.0 or 2.5 mg.L -1 dissolved oxygen levels, and then placed in two 40 L aquaria with 6.0 mg.L -1 dissolved oxygen. For both series of experiments, 1, 24, 48 or 120 h after transference juveniles were placed in individual chambers of 200 mL (with the same dissolved oxygen levels of their respective aquaria) for 3 h. Water samples were collected for analysis of Na + , Cl -, K + , and ammonia levels. The obtained results allow concluding that exposure to 2.5 mg.L -¹ dissolved oxygen levels promotes loss of ions and lower ammonia excretion in silver catfish juveniles, but these losses are rapidly stabilized for Na + and Cl -. Exposure to less hypoxic levels also changes ion fluxes and ammonia excretion, but there is no clear relationship between both parameters in this species. Therefore, silver catfish osmoregulation seems to be affected when this species is transferred from normoxic to hypoxic waters and vice-versa.Baixos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido na água (hipóxia) podem ser causados pelo consumo de oxygênio por peixes e outros organismos, decomposição de matéria orgânica, "blooms" de fitoplâncton e aumento de temperatura. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fluxos de Na + , Cl -, K + e amônia em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) expostos a diferentes níveis de oxigênio dissolvido. Juvenis (9 ± 1g) mantidos em 6,0 mg.L -1 oxigênio dissolvido foram transferidos para quatro aquários de 40 L com diferentes níveis de oxigênio dissolvido (em mg.L -1 ): 6,0; 4,5; 3,5 e 2,5. Em outra série de experimentos, juvenis foram aclimatados a 6,0 ou 2,5 mg.L -1 oxigênio dissolvido e então colocados em dois aquários de 40 L com 6,0 mg.L -1 oxigênio dissolvido. Para ambas séries de experimentos, 1, 24, 48 ou 120 h depois da transferência os juvenis foram colocados em câmaras individuais de 200 mL (com os mesmos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido dos seus respectivos aquários) por 3 h. Amostras de água foram coletadas para análise dos níveis de Na + , Cl -, K + e amônia. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a exposição a 2,5 mg.L -1 oxigênio dissolvido promove uma perda de íons nos juvenis de jundiá, mas estas perdas são estabilizadas rapidamente no caso de Na + e Cl -. A exposição a níveis não tão hipóxicos também altera os fluxos iônicos, mas não há nenhuma relação clara entre ambos parâmetros. Portanto, a osmorregulação do jundiá parece ser afetada quando exemplares são transferidos de águas normóxicas to hipóxicas e vice-ve...

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Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision

Cited by 109 publications

References 32 publications

Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish

Ion fluxes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels

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