Behavioral Responses of Mosquitoes to Insecticides

Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap

doi:10.5772/28773

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The insecticides used for LLINs and IRS exert their effect on the vector population in three ways: toxic chemical action, spatial repellecy/deterrency, and contact irritancy () (Smith and Webley 1968; Lines et al 1987; Takken 2002). The relative importance of each of these in determining how an insecticide works is dependent not only on the chemical and concentration used, but also on the mosquito species (Dezulueta et al 1963; Grieco et al 2007; Chareonviriyaphap 2012) and the application methods (e.g., IRS vs. LLINs). The nontoxic chemical effects are highly relevant when assessing the impact of physiological resistance because it is the interaction between toxicity and behavior that determines the level of insecticide uptake and ultimately the probability that the insect dies.…”

Section: Evidence For Impact Of Indoor Insecticides On Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa

et al. 2013

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Over the past decade the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), in combination with improved drug therapies, indoor residual spraying (IRS), and better health infrastructure, has helped reduce malaria in many African countries for the first time in a generation. However, insecticide resistance in the vector is an evolving threat to these gains. We review emerging and historical data on behavioral resistance in response to LLINs and IRS. Overall the current literature suggests behavioral and species changes may be emerging, but the data are sparse and, at times unconvincing. However, preliminary modeling has demonstrated that behavioral resistance could have significant impacts on the effectiveness of malaria control. We propose seven recommendations to improve understanding of resistance in malaria vectors. Determining the public health impact of physiological and behavioral insecticide resistance is an urgent priority if we are to maintain the significant gains made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Evidence For Impact Of Indoor Insecticides On Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa

et al. 2013

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“…Insecticide treated bed nets prevent mosquitoes from biting their user by irritating them. With this study, we confirm the permethrin of the Olyset plus net to be irritant for mosquitoes [43,44,71].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The relative importance of the two mechanisms of repellency depends on the insecticide. Permethrin, for example, is only slightly spatially repellent but strongly irritant, whereas DTT repels and irritates mosquitoes [71][72][73].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative importance of the mechanisms of protection depends on the insecticide. Permethrin, for example, is only slightly spatially repellent but strongly irritant (reviewed in [71]). In one study in Tanzania, for example, treating a bed net with permethrin had almost no effect on the number of mosquitoes that entered experimental houses, but reduced the probability that a mosquito passed through a net by a factor of about 8 [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of insecticides and malaria infection on the mosquito’s behaviour and the consequences for malaria transmission

Thiévent¹

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Les moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticides sont un des meilleurs moyens pour contrôler la malaria.L'action répulsive et irritante des moustiquaires imprégnées offre une protection personnelle aux utilisateurs, alors que leur action toxique, en diminuant le nombre de moustiques dans la population, augmente la protection communautaire. L'efficacité des moustiquaires imprégnées peut être affectée par les expositions sous-létales, les parasites de la malaria et la résistance aux insecticides.Durant cette thèse, j'ai essayé de comprendre comment les insecticides et les parasites de la malaria modifient le comportement des moustiques et l'impact que cela pourrait avoir sur l'efficacité des moustiquaires imprégnées. Premièrement, j'ai évalué le rôle des expositions sous-létales aux insecticides sur le comportement de recherche d'hôtes des moustiques et j'ai testé comment les parasites de la malaria interagissent avec ces expositions sous-létales. Deuxièmement, j'ai examiné la capacité des moustiques à prendre un repas sanguin directement à travers une moustiquaire imprégnée ainsi que l'effet de ce repas sur la fécondité et la survie des moustiques. A l'aide d'une expérience évolutive, j'ai examiné si la résistance aux insecticides, la répulsion spatiale et l'irritabilité sont génétiquement corrélées chez les moustiques et j'ai testé les effets de la résistance sur l'efficacité des moustiquaires imprégnées. Quatrièmement, j'ai examiné si les parasites de la malaria, en particulier les sporozoïtes (le stade qui est infectieux pour l'homme), peuvent affecter l'action répulsive des insecticides. Finalement, j'ai examiné le rôle de l'intensité d'infection et l'activité de l'apyrase (une enzyme qui aide les moustiques à localiser le sang) sur différents comportements des moustiques qui sont sujet à être modifiés par les parasites de la malaria. Les résultats de ces cinq projets ainsi que leurs implications sont discutés en détail tout au long de cette thèse.Globalement, cette thèse met en avant que lors de l'évaluation de l'efficacité des moustiquaires imprégnées, il serait bénéfique de considérer que l'infection par la malaria et la résistance aux insecticides peuvent réduire leur efficacité. Pour conclure, les résultats de cette thèse vont contribuer à mieux comprendre l'impact épidémiologique réel des moustiquaires imprégnées sur la malaria.

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“…The 2nd is a repellency/irritancy and biting-inhibition bioassay (RIBB) that uses human arms and breath as the attractant and provides released mosquitoes with the choice to pass through holes cut into untreated or treated netting to reach the arms and potentially bite. The RIBB differs from the WHO tunnel test for mortality and biting inhibition (WHO 2005); the high, throughput screening system (HITTS) for assessment of spatial repellency, contact irritancy, and toxicity (Grieco et al 2005, WHO 2013; and the excitorepellency test system (Roberts et al 1997, Chareonviriyaphap 2012 in that the RIBB makes use of human arms and breath as the mosquito attractant and arms as a potential blood meal source. Moreover, it provides a choice for the mosquitoes to pass through untreated versus treated netting to reach the attractant and bite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Novel Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Pyrethroid-Treated Netting on Knockdown-Susceptible Versus Resistant Strains ofAedes aegypti

Denham

Eisen²,

Beaty³

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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We describe 2 new mosquito bioassays for use with insecticide-treated netting or other textiles. The 1st is a cylinder bioassay in which a mosquito is forced to contact treated material regardless of where it lands within the bioassay construct. The 2nd is a repellency/irritancy and biting-inhibition bioassay (RIBB) in which human arms and breath are used as attractants. Mosquitoes have the choice to pass through holes cut in untreated or treated netting to move from a center release chamber into side chambers to reach arms and potentially bite. Trials were conducted with pyrethroid-susceptible (New Orleans), moderately resistant (Hunucmá), and highly resistant (Vergel) strains of Aedes aegypti. Tests with netting treated with different pyrethroids demonstrated the utility of the cylinder bioassay to quantify knockdown and mortality following exposure to treated netting, and of the RIBB to quantify spatial repellency/contact irritancy of the treated netting and biting inhibition after females land on and then pass through holes in the treated netting. Both tested brands of pyrethroid-treated mosquitocidal netting (DuraNet® and NetProtect®) were effective against New Orleans but ineffective against Vergel strains. Mortality in the cylinder bioassay was 100% for New Orleans for all tested brands of treated netting, but only 10-14% for Vergel. Rates of passage through treated netting to reach a human arm in the RIBB were 10-15% for New Orleans versus 24-37% for Vergel. The reduction in biting after passage through treated netting, compared with untreated netting in the same trial replicates, was 12-39% for New Orleans versus ≤9% for Vergel.

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Behavioral Responses of Mosquitoes to Insecticides

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa

The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa

The role of insecticides and malaria infection on the mosquito’s behaviour and the consequences for malaria transmission

Two Novel Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Pyrethroid-Treated Netting on Knockdown-Susceptible Versus Resistant Strains ofAedes aegypti

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