Behavioral Responses of Anuran Larvae to Chemical Cues of Native and Introduced Predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States

Pearl, Christopher A.; Adams, Michael J.; Schuytema, G. S.; Nebeker, Alan V.

doi:10.1670/134-02n

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These may relate to reproductive output and growth rates, but also to subtle aspects of physiology. For example, tadpoles of L. catesbeianus can recognize and react to cues of novel predators, and this neural ability may favor its capacity to colonize novel settings (Pearl et al 2003). It is also possible that the ability of species to gather and process energy affects the results of ecological interactions.…”

Section: Exotic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology, environmental change, and anuran conservation

Navas¹,

Otani²

2007

Phyllomedusa

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Physiology, environmental change, and anuran conservation. This paper reviews diverse ways in which the emerging discipline of conservation physiology may contribute to the conservation of anuran amphibians. We first present a summary of the goals of conservation physiology. Then, we review five specific sources of environmental change that are known to affect anurans: introduced pathogens (highlighting the case of chytridiomycosis) and exotic species, pollutants, habitat fragmentation, and global climate change. We discuss these types of environmental change in the context of how and why altered environments may become stressing to anurans and cause population declines. We also discuss synergism among variables that may worsen the effect of environmental alterations, and emphasize the importance of conservation physiology for Brazilian anurans.

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Section: Exotic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology, environmental change, and anuran conservation

Navas¹,

Otani²

2007

Phyllomedusa

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“…As in experiment 1, we placed plastic aquarium plants in half of the tub to serve as a refuge. As tadpoles are known to increase the frequency of refuge use when exposed to the chemical cues from predatory fish [47,48], we expected that the tadpoles would frequently take refuge in the plastic aquarium plants when exposed to the treatment water. Five tadpoles (bullfrog or wrinkled frog) were placed in the tub and acclimatized to the experimental conditions for 15 min.…”

Section: (Iii) Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat connectivity and resident shared predators determine the impact of invasive bullfrogs on native frogs in farm ponds

et al. 2014

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Habitat connectivity is considered to have an important role on the persistence of populations in the face of habitat fragmentation, in particular, for species with conservation concern. However, it can also impose indirect negative effects on native species through the spread of invasive species. Here, we investigated direct and indirect effects of habitat connectivity on populations of invasive bullfrogs and native wrinkled frogs and how these effects are modified by the presence of common carp, a resident shared predator, in a farm pond system in Japan. The distribution pattern analysis using a hierarchical Bayesian modelling indicated that bullfrogs had negative effects on wrinkled frogs, and that these negative effects were enhanced with increasing habitat connectivity owing to the metapopulation structure of bullfrogs. The analysis also suggested that common carp mitigated these impacts, presumably owing to a top-down trophic cascade through preferential predation on bullfrog tadpoles. These presumed interspecific interactions were supported by evidence from laboratory experiments, i.e. predation by carp was more intense on bullfrog tadpoles than on wrinkled frog tadpoles owing to the difference in refuge use. Our results indicate that metacommunity perspectives could provide useful insights for establishing effective management strategies of invasive species living in patchy habitats.

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“…Some studies have shown that several species of Bufonidae produce noxious or toxic compounds (alarm substances) which cause unpalatability to deter native predators such as dragonflies (Laurila et al 1997;Crossland and Alford 1998), Procambarus clarkii (Nunes et al 2013), and P. canaliculata (Karraker and Dudgeon 2014), as well as invasive predators such as G. affinis (Komak and Crossland 2000). Unpalatability often is considered as an anti-predators defensive strategy for the tadpoles (Pearl et al 2003). Gunzburger and Travis (2005) reviewed that tadpoles species that commonly breed with fish in the permanent ponds were more likely to be found unpalatable by fish predators and tend to have higher survival rates with fish predators than those amphibian species that rarely breed with fish, and species that usually breed in temporary ponds were palatable to fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies demonstrate that amphibian larvae have evolved a variety of behavioral defenses against predators, including reduction in activity level (Laurila et al 1997;Smith et al , 2011Carlson and Langkilde 2014), increased aggregation behavior (Sih et al 2010;CasillasBarrag an et al 2016), changes in diel activity patterns (Casillas-Barrag an et al 2016), and shifts in microhabitat use to minimize predation risk (Semlitsch and Gavasso 1992;Nicieza 2000;Pearl et al 2003;Smith and Awan 2009). A decrease in activity level is one of the most common and effective behavioral anti-predator responses Zhang et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability and behavioral responses of South Chinese anuran tadpoles to native dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) naiads and introduced western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

Fan

Zhen-shan

2017

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Alien predator species are a serious threat to amphibian populations. We studied the vulnerability and behavioral defenses of tadpoles of six Chinese anurans in response to the introduced, active foraging predator Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) and compared them with the responses to the native ambush predator Pantala flavescens (dragonfly and naiad stage) in laboratory experiments. The tadpoles were Bufo gargarizans, Duttaphrynus (formerly Bufo) melanostictus, Rana zhenhaiensis, Fejervarya multistriata, Microhyla onata, and Hoplobatrachus chinensis from Lishui, Zhejiang, South China. Our data showed that both native P. flavescens and introduced G. affinis could prey on the six tadpole species to different degrees and that the two toad tadpoles (B. gargarizans and D. melanostictus) were significantly less vulnerable to predation than the frog ones. The reduced vulnerability of toad tadpoles to predation may be attributed to their unpalatability and their continuous swimming ability, traits that are adaptive in more permanent habitats. Compared with the ambush predator P. flavescens, tadpoles reduced their activity level and used spatial avoidance measures when encountering G. affinis. Overall, our results suggest that some of the tadpoles in the study area are likely to recognize and respond to the predation threats of G. affinis.

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Behavioral Responses of Anuran Larvae to Chemical Cues of Native and Introduced Predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Physiology, environmental change, and anuran conservation

Physiology, environmental change, and anuran conservation

Habitat connectivity and resident shared predators determine the impact of invasive bullfrogs on native frogs in farm ponds

Vulnerability and behavioral responses of South Chinese anuran tadpoles to native dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) naiads and introduced western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

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