Behavioral response and adaptive cost in resistant and susceptiblePlutella xylostellato Chlorantraniliprole

Abstract

Diamides have been used worldwide to manage the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), however some strains showed resistance to these molecules. Also, pheromone traps could be used to manage this pest, hence reducing the use of insecticides in the field. Resistant DBM strains may have biological disadvantages in comparison to susceptible strains in areas without sprays, including reduction in fitness or behavioral changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether DBM strains resistant to chlorantraniliprole showed adaptive costs that could alter male attraction to the sex pheromone, in comparison to susceptible strains in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. First, the LC1, LC10, LC25, and LC50 of DBM to chlorantraniliprole were established, which were 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, and 0.011 mg a.i. liter−1, and 5.88, 24.80, 57.22, and 144.87 mg a.i. liter−1 for the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively. Development and reproduction of DBM strains subjected to those concentrations were compared. Later, male response to the sex pheromone was investigated in a Y-tube in the laboratory and in a greenhouse to pheromone traps. Resistant DBM strain showed an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain that can result in a delay in population growth in the field when selection pressure is absent. Conversely, resistant males have no olfactory response alteration in comparison to susceptible males, consistently at 3 (P = 0.6848) and 7 days (P = 0.9140) after release, suggesting that pheromone traps continue to be a viable alternative to manage DBM in an IPM system.

Fitness Costs of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance Related to the SeNPF Overexpression in the Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Abbas et al [ 25 ] also found that profenofos-resistant strains of Spodoptera litura have reduced fertility and hatching rates and lower intrinsic growth rates. The resistant strain has shown an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain, which could result in a delay in population growth in the field [ 26 ].…”

Insecticidal activity of the extract, fractions, and pure steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianumWall. ex D. Don for the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostellaL.) and aphid (Aphis craccivoraKoch)

“…In 2007, a new class of didiamide insecticides (flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole) was introduced against P. xylostella 7,8 . But pest developed resistance against these insecticides within 18 months after introduction in the field 8–11 …”

Locomotor response of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) populations to a neurotoxic insecticide under laboratory conditions

“…With the emergence of chlorantraniliproleresistant populations, several studies have shown changes in the locomotor activity of insects when exposed to surfaces treated with this insecticide-for example, the study by PLAtA-RUEDA et al (2019) on coffee borer beetle (Hypothenemus hampei), and studies by NANSEN et al (2016), CHANDI &SINGH (2017), andPASSOS et al (2019) on diamondback moth. Verifying changes in the locomotor activity of agricultural pests in response to exposure to the insecticide in each location is an issue, considering that this behavior can reduce the contact of the pest with the insecticide, thereby reducing the absorption of insecticide and causing a lower control efficacy (GUEDES et al, 2011).…”