Behavioral phenomenology of sleep (somatic and vegetative)

Parmeggiani, Pier Luigi

doi:10.1007/bf02003941

Cited by 70 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…It has been reported that postural activities of neck muscles decreased during sleep. 40 Therefore, postural hypotonia could induce anteflexion of the head relative to the cervical vertebra during sleep, but this could not be verified in this study. Another possible explanation is that the likelihood of curvature of the cervical spine in the anterior direction increased, resulting from the sleep-related hypotonia of neck muscles.…”

Section: Positions Of the Hyoid Bone And The Cervical Vertebracontrasting

confidence: 42%

Supine Cephalometric Study on Sleep-Related Changes in Upper-Airway Structures in Normal Subjects

Hiyama

Ono

Ishiwata

et al. 2000

Sleep

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine sleep-related changes in the upper airway and surrounding structures including the mandible, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebra in normal subjects using lateral cephalograms in the supine position. Eleven male and nine female healthy adults participated in this study. Supine cephalograms were taken at end-expiration during wakefulness and in stage 1-2 non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep judged from the electroencephalogram and respiratory monitoring. A paired t-test was used to compare differences between the values measured during wakefulness and sleep. A significant increase in the amount of jaw opening was observed during sleep. The anteroposterior width of the upper airway was significantly decreased during sleep. The distances between the hyoid bone and the mandibular symphysis and between the cervical vertebra and the hyoid bone were significantly decreased during sleep. Consequently, the distance between the cervical vertebra and the mandibular symphysis was significantly decreased. These results suggest that the upper-airway dimension is significantly decreased and relatively small structural changes are induced during sleep in normal subjects.

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Section: Positions Of the Hyoid Bone And The Cervical Vertebracontrasting

confidence: 42%

Supine Cephalometric Study on Sleep-Related Changes in Upper-Airway Structures in Normal Subjects

Hiyama

Ono

Ishiwata

et al. 2000

Sleep

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“…Inasmuch as DS is characterized by an overall, often paroxysmal increase in neuronal activity, these synaptic events seem to be incompatible with the regulatory functions of the neural networks, as witnessed by the many alterations in homeostatic control which characterize this sleep state (cf. Parmeggiani 1980). Their logic, and their ultimate function might respond to the need not to convey specific information within the neural circuitry, but to initiate the metabolic and circulatory events to which they are strictly coupled.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain metabolism and blood flow during sleep

Franzini

1992

Journal of Sleep Research

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sleep/wake cycle, as sleep stages often alternate with a On the other hand, however, many problems concerning shorter time constant, with DS, in particular, normally not cerebral blood flow and metabolism remain to be solved lasting that long. A common strategy in most sleep studies (e.g. the regulation of blood flow, the nature of the has been, therefore, to correlate glucose utilization during flow-metabolism coupling, the existence of capillary measurement with the time spent in different sleep/wake recruitment, and the extent of non-oxidative metabolism).states (weighted for variations in glucose plasma concentraSleep is a natural, stereotyped, repetitive phenomenon, tion (in animals) and positron emission tomography (in humans) model with which to address these specific problems, while are hereafter considered separately, the same common logic findings about brain circulation and metabolism during sleep applies and their results are, in principle, comparable. will foster our understanding of brain circulation and metabolism in general.(a) Autoradiography studies Rat: Ramm and Frost (1983) found no correlation between this reason experimental data in this field have been tightly graphy), and (ii) C E R E B R A L E N E R G Y METABOLISM Direct measurements2.1.1 Local cerebral glucose utilization. When Greenberg wrote his review in 1980, very few attempts had been made to measure directly cerebral metabolism during sleep (Mangold et al. 1955;Meyer and Toyoda 1971) and, due to limitations in methodology, none could address the issue of regional differences in metabolic activity. The rather long list of papers considered in this section bears witness to the mean cerebral glucose utilization (reflected by mean optical density in the autoradiographs) and the different sleep/wake states. They also considered the "relative metabolic activity", which was calculated as the regional optic density given as a proportion of the mean brain optic density; this expresses the level of metabolic activity in a region relative to the mean level in the brain. During SS, relative metabolic activity decreases in the cerebellum, in most thalamic nuclei and in cortical layer IV, and increases in some hippocampal and hypothalamic structures. DS is associated with a relative decrease in metabolic activity in the cerebellum, and a relative increase in some brainstem regions (e.g. pontine Pavlides et al. (1987) reported a decreased cerebral glucose Correspondence: Institute Fisiologia Umana, Porta S. Donato 2, raphe, gigantocellular tegmental field, substantia nigra).

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“…Body temperature, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates exhibit fluctuations beyond normal limits during REM sleep (Baust et al, 1972;Parmeggiani, 1980;Parmeggiani andRabini, 1967, 1970;Snyder et al, 1964). Since all of these variables are coordinated by the autonomic nervous system, it is assumed that mammalian autonomic system suspends regulatory functions throughout REM sleep.…”

Section: Fluctuations In Autonomic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, hypothalamic temperature regulating systems reduce and/or suspend their role in the homeostatic control of body temperature. As a result, body temperature could raise or fall depending on the environmental temperature (Glotzbach and Heller, 1976;Parmeggiani, 1980;Parmeggiani and Rabini, 1967). In essence, homeothermic mammals become temporarily poikilothermic.…”

Section: Fluctuations In Autonomic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

Datta

MacLean

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

268

249

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At its most basic level, the function of mammalian sleep can be described as a restorative process of the brain and body; recently, however, progressive research has revealed a host of vital functions to which sleep is essential. Although many excellent reviews on sleep behavior have been published, none have incorporated contemporary studies examining the molecular mechanisms that govern the various stages of sleep. Utilizing a holistic approach, this review is focused on the basic mechanisms involved in the transition from wakefulness, initiation of sleep and the subsequent generation of slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Additionally, using recent molecular studies and experimental evidence that provides a direct link to sleep as a behavior, we have developed a new model, the cellular-molecular-network model, explaining the mechanisms responsible for regulating REM sleep. By analyzing the fundamental neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of sleep-wake behavior in mammals, we intend to provide a broader understanding of our present knowledge in the field of sleep research.

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Behavioral phenomenology of sleep (somatic and vegetative)

Cited by 70 publications

References 97 publications

Supine Cephalometric Study on Sleep-Related Changes in Upper-Airway Structures in Normal Subjects

Supine Cephalometric Study on Sleep-Related Changes in Upper-Airway Structures in Normal Subjects

Brain metabolism and blood flow during sleep

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

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