Behavioral Perspectives on the Neuroscience of Drug Addiction

Winger, Gail; Woods, James H.; Galuska, Chad M.; Wade-Galuska, Tammy

doi:10.1901/jeab.2005.101-04

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In order to understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, preclinical animal models have been developed and are increasingly utilized by a wide range of biomedical investigators in the study of addiction. For example, it has been noted "While measures of the reinforcing effects of drugs utilizing the drug self-administration paradigm are used by many as indicators of the development of addiction, even more prevalent in the literature are measures of sensitization and conditioned place preference" (Winger et al, 2005). Sensitization (or reverse tolerance) is a progressively enhanced behavioral response following the repeated administration of many drugs of abuse, including amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, ethanol and nicotine (Robinson and Berridge, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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Conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization are rodent behavioral models commonly used to investigate the actions of drugs of abuse. However, few studies have examined both paradigms in the same group of animals. We were interested in developing a combined protocol which successfully induced both conditioned place preference and sensitization simultaneously in cocainetreated Sprague Dawley rats in order to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of these two phenomena would be positively correlated. We used an open-field with a removable place preference insert to assess these measures independently. Cocaine-conditioned animals demonstrated a significant shift in preference for the drug-paired compartment and a sensitized locomotor response which was not observed in saline-conditioned animals challenged with cocaine. There was no significant relationship between locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual animals. We further examined these results with respect to each rats' initial response to cocaine, response to a novel environment and central zone entries in an open-field. Locomotor sensitization demonstrated an inverse correlation with the initial cocaine response. In contrast, conditioned place preference demonstrated an inverse correlation with the centre response. These results demonstrate that the combination of the acute cocaine response and the centre response in a novel open field environment can be used to indicate the propensity of a given rat to exhibit either behavioral sensitization or conditioned place preference; however, it seems that sensitization and place preference are not necessarily co-expressed to a similar extent in the same individual animal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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“…As pointed out in detail elsewhere (Kalant, 2010;Winger et al, 2005), all of the neuronal mechanisms and pathways that have been implicated in addiction have also been shown to be involved in learning, memory, and other forms of neuroadaptation. Therefore, they can be regarded as the basic machinery of adaptation, but the term cause must be reserved for that which sets the machinery in motion and directs it toward a particular target or outcome.…”

Section: Mechanism Versus Causementioning

confidence: 92%

“…One problem is that the reward system itself is not yet satisfactorily defined. Several types of evidence argue against the simplistic view that dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex (the mesolimbic dopamine pathways) constitute the reward system (Kalant, 2010;Winger et al, 2005). Though the mesolimbic dopamine system is preferentially activated by stimuli predictive of presentation of a reward, under some conditions it can also be activated to a lesser extent by stimuli predicting punishment or by a motivationally neutral but unusually intense stimulus (Mirenowicz & Schultz, 1996).…”

Section: Dopamine and The Reward Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now recognized that there is no single gene for addiction or for any individual form of addiction; rather, a very large number of genes make individually small contributions to susceptibility to addiction (Li, Mao, & Wei, 2008;Mayfield, Harris, & Schuckit, 2008;Schuckit et al, 2001;Winger et al, 2005). The large number of genes involved encode proteins required in virtually every type of neuronal activity, including synthesis, storage, release and degradation of neurotransmitters, receptors, ion channels, intracellular signaling pathways, nuclear transcription factors, and others.…”

Section: Evidence That Does Not Support An Exclusively Neurobiologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large number of genes involved encode proteins required in virtually every type of neuronal activity, including synthesis, storage, release and degradation of neurotransmitters, receptors, ion channels, intracellular signaling pathways, nuclear transcription factors, and others. The sum of these many small contributions results, in the case of alcoholism and other drug addictions, in a heritability of roughly 50%, so that the other half of the explanation of the causation requires the involvement of behavioral and environmental factors of diverse kinds (Mayfield et al, 2008;Winger et al, 2005).…”

Section: Evidence That Does Not Support An Exclusively Neurobiologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?

Kalant

2015

IJADR

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The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.

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Reward, emotion and consumer choice: from neuroeconomics to neurophilosophy

Foxall

2008

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Neuroeconomics has found no definitive role in the explanation of consumer choice and its undeveloped philosophical basis limits its attempt to explain economic behaviour. The nature of neuroeconomics is explored, especially with respect to what it reveals about the valuation of alternatives, choice and emotion. The tendency of human consumers to discount future rewards illustrates how behavioural and neuroscientific accounts of choice contribute to psychological explanations of choice and the issues this raises for both routine everyday choices and more extreme compulsions. Central to this is the phenomenon of matching in which consumers tend to select the immediately larger or largest reward and the neurophysiological and behavioural bases of this choice. Recognition that rewards are evoked by reinforcement contingencies and that the rewards themselves engender emotional responses via classical conditioning enhances understanding the contribution of neurological activity to the explanation of consumer behaviour. It is argued that neuroeconomics can play a vital explanatory role by providing an evolutionarily consistent warrant for the ascription of intentionality. The Behavioural Perspective Model is used as a template for investigations of consumer choice that lead to iterative theoretical development, forming the basis of a neurophilosophy in which neuroeconomics can find a decisive role.

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Behavioral Perspectives on the Neuroscience of Drug Addiction

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?

Reward, emotion and consumer choice: from neuroeconomics to neurophilosophy

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