Behavioral persistence in captive bears: a response to Criswell and Galbreath

Vickery, S.; Mason, Georgia

doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0274:bpicba]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The older the individuals the more time spent in captivity with its associated risks of stereotypic behaviour. The same trend has been observed in other species: for example in captive bears stereotypic behaviour increased with age 55 . In another study Asiatic black bear and sun bear showed more stereotypy with age 56 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Predictors of psychological stress and behavioural diversity among captive red panda in Indian zoos and their implications for global captive management

Khan¹,

Lea

Chand

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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At high elevations, biodiversity is at elevated risk from extinctions due to rapid environmental changes. In the most of its range in Himalayas, the red panda, an endangered species, is struggling to survive in the wild, and a global captive breeding programme has been launched to conserve the species. Because captivity can have negative impacts on animals, reducing the chance of successful reintroduction, we investigated the predictors of stereotyped behaviour and behavioural diversity of red panda (n = 26), and the effect of stereotypy on their behavioural diversity in three Indian zoos. Multivariate analysis showed that stereotypy increased with density of logs on the ground, age and higher among pandas in zoo 3 compared to zoo 2, but decreased with number of nests, sociality, tree density and tree height used. Similarly, behavioural diversity increased with log density, but decreased among pandas in zoo 2 compared to zoo 1, during summer compared to winter, and also with ambient temperature, stereotypy, tree density, and tree height used. The relationship between stereotypy and behavioural diversity was negative, but not significant. Provision of a greater density of trees was associated with higher levels of daytime inactivity. Findings from this study have global relevance, as the captive red panda experiences similar welfare issues around the world, and our data provide empirical support for some existing guidelines for red panda husbandry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Predictors of psychological stress and behavioural diversity among captive red panda in Indian zoos and their implications for global captive management

Khan¹,

Lea

Chand

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Recent work conducted with several different species has demonstrated that motor stereotypies are inversely correlated with measures of cognitive flexibility. For example, in bank voles and bears extinction learning was significantly inversely correlated with the amount of environmental restriction-induced stereotypy exhibited [ 189 , 190 ]. Similarly, Orange wing Amazon parrots were assessed for stereotypy and performance on a variation of a gambling task which indexed the tendency to repeat responses or perseverate.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Restricted Repetitive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiology of restricted repetitive behavior

Lewis

Kim

2009

J Neurodevelop Disord

198

161

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Restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are heterogeneous ranging from stereotypic body movements to rituals to restricted interests. RRBs are most strongly associated with autism but occur in a number of other clinical disorders as well as in typical development. There does not seem to be a category of RRB that is unique or specific to autism and RRB does not seem to be robustly correlated with specific cognitive, sensory or motor abnormalities in autism. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the pathophysiology of RRB. Both clinical and animal models studies link repetitive behaviors to genetic mutations and a number of specific genetic syndromes have RRBs as part of the clinical phenotype. Genetic risk factors may interact with experiential factors resulting in the extremes in repetitive behavior phenotypic expression that characterize autism. Few studies of individuals with autism have correlated MRI findings and RRBs and no attempt has been made to associate RRB and post-mortem tissue findings. Available clinical and animal models data indicate functional and structural alterations in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry in the expression of RRB, however. Our own studies point to reduced activity of the indirect basal ganglia pathway being associated with high levels of repetitive behavior in an animal model. These findings, if generalizable, suggest specific therapeutic targets. These, and perhaps other, perturbations to cortical basal ganglia circuitry are mediated by specific molecular mechanisms (e.g., altered gene expression) that result in long-term, experience-dependent neuroadaptations that initiate and maintain repetitive behavior. A great deal more research is needed to uncover such mechanisms. Work in areas such as substance abuse, OCD, Tourette syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and dementias promise to provide findings critical for identifying neurobiological mechanisms relevant to RRB in autism. Moreover, basic research in areas such as birdsong, habit formation, and procedural learning may provide additional, much needed clues. Understanding the pathophysioloy of repetitive behavior will be critical to identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for individuals with autism.

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“…Recent research has shown that repetitive motor behaviors are inversely correlated with measures of cognitive flexibility. This has been observed in several species, including voles, bears, and parrots (Garner & Mason, 2002;Garner, Meehan, & Mench, 2003;vickery & Mason, 2005). Tanimura, yang, and Lewis (2008) used a reversal learning paradigm to examine RRB.…”

Section: Sameness Behaviors In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Restricted repetitive behaviors: Connections between autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.

Francis

Kim²,

Jacob

2014

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Spectrum: A Life-Span Approach.

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We are particularly grateful to Mark H. Lewis for his careful review, expertise, and suggestions for this chapter. We are also thankful to David Simpson for his assistance in reviewing the clinical content and flow of the chapter. Thanks to Angela Sagar as well for her discussion of treatment options. We thank Jonathan Kim for his help with the tables and double checking the references. S. J. and S. F. were

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Behavioral persistence in captive bears: a response to Criswell and Galbreath

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Predictors of psychological stress and behavioural diversity among captive red panda in Indian zoos and their implications for global captive management

Predictors of psychological stress and behavioural diversity among captive red panda in Indian zoos and their implications for global captive management

The pathophysiology of restricted repetitive behavior

Restricted repetitive behaviors: Connections between autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.

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