Behavioral organization is independent of locomotor activity in 129 and C57 mouse strains1Published on the World Wide Web on 16 February 1999.1

Paulus, Martin P.; Dulawa, Stephanie C.; Ralph, Rebecca J.; Geyer, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01137-3

Cited by 111 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since the available mice have a rather complex genetic background and since the test of "repeated locomotor activity" had not been previously validated with different wildtype strains, several pure (B6, 129S5, 129P2) or "mixed" (F1 of B6 × 129S5, B6 × 129P2) wildtype strains were analyzed beforehand. As reported before [25,32,34], 129 mice were significantly less active than B6 animals shown by the decreased average activity (AA) and the smaller total distance traveled. The exploratory activity of 129 mice was diminished: the center time and distance were decreased significantly and less rearing was observed as reported before [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…As reported before [25,32,34], 129 mice were significantly less active than B6 animals shown by the decreased average activity (AA) and the smaller total distance traveled. The exploratory activity of 129 mice was diminished: the center time and distance were decreased significantly and less rearing was observed as reported before [25]. The activity effects are very robust and seen in both assays, which were carried out in two different laboratories (Martinsried, Germany and Lausanne, Switzerland).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The genetic background of transgenic or knockout mice is an important factor in behavioral tests [25,32]. Hence, the locomotor tests reported here were first validated with wildtype strains of various genetic backgrounds: B6, 129S5, 129P2 and F1 gen-erations (B6 × 129P2, B6 × 129S5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in some assays many different tests were performed with a number of "pure" genetic strains (e.g. [32]), much less information is available on F1 generations of pure strains [25,34]. In the latter report the authors point out that behavioral scores of F1 hybrid mice cannot be easily predicted from the knowledge of the parental strains and that for each hybrid strain the parameters for each behavioral test need to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this report, the influence of PV and CB on spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination was investigated using mice deficient for PV, CB or both. This former analysis is considered essential to reveal basic defects in sensory motor processing [25], which should be taken into account before performing more complex behavioral tests in view to detect putative links to neuropathologies. Mice were either tested in a novel environment for 30 min, in the second paradigm, animals were tested 18-20 times in 15-min trial sessions and finally the motor coordination was assessed on the runway assay previously described for the CB−/− mice [12] and on the rotarod.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in locomotor behavior revealed in mice deficient for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k or both

FARRECASTANY

Schwaller

Gregory

et al. 2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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We investigated the role of the two calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CB) in the locomotor activity and motor coordination using null-mutant mice for PV (PV−/−), CB (CB−/−) or both proteins (PV−/−CB−/−). These proteins are expressed in distinct, mainly non-overlapping populations of neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system and PV additionally in fast-twitch muscles. In a test measuring repeated locomotor activity during 18-20 days, the analysis revealed a slightly increased activity in mice lacking either protein, while the lack of both decreased the number of beams crossed during active periods. An increase in the characteristic speed during the first 8 days could be attributed to PVdeficiency, while the elimination of CB in CB−/− and double-KO mice decreased the percentage of fast movements at all time points. In the latter, additionally a reduction of the fastest speed was observed. The alterations in locomotor activity (fast movements, fastest speed) strongly correlate with the impairment in locomotor coordination in mice deficient for CB evidenced in the runway assay and the rotarod assay. The graded locomotor phenotype (CB > PV) is qualitatively correlated with alterations in Purkinje cell firing reported previously in these mice. The presence or absence of either protein did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity when animals were placed in a novel environment and tested only once for 30 min. In summary, the lack of these calcium-binding proteins yields characteristic, yet distinct phenotypes with respect to locomotor activity and coordination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Differences in locomotor behavior revealed in mice deficient for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k or both

FARRECASTANY

Schwaller

Gregory

et al. 2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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A Reverse-Translational Study of Dysfunctional Exploration in Psychiatric Disorders

Perry¹,

Minassian²,

Paulus³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

178

280

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Context Bipolar mania and schizophrenia are recognized as separate disorders but share many commonalities, raising the question of whether they are in fact the same disorder on different ends of a continuum. The lack of distinct endophenotypes of bipolar mania and schizophrenia has complicated the development of animal models that are specific to these disorders. Exploration is fundamental to survival and is dysregulated in these two disorders. Although exploratory behavior in rodents has been widely studied, surprisingly little work has examined this critical function in humans. Objective We used a novel human open field paradigm, the human Behavioral Pattern Monitor (BPM), to quantify exploratory behavior of individuals with bipolar mania and schizophrenia and to identify distinctive phenotypes of these illnesses. Design Static group comparison. Setting Psychiatric hospital. Participants 15 bipolar mania and 16 schizophrenia subjects were compared to 26 healthy volunteers in the human BPM. The effects of amphetamine, the selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor GBR12909, and genetic knockdown of the DAT were compared to controls in the mouse BPM. Measures The amount of motor activity, spatial patterns of activity, and exploration of novel stimuli were quantified in both the human and mouse BPMs. Results Bipolar manic subjects demonstrated a unique exploratory pattern, characterized by high motor activity and increased object exploration. Schizophrenia subjects did not show the expected habituation of motor activity. Selective genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the DAT matched the mania phenotype better than the “gold standard” model of mania (amphetamine). Conclusion These findings validate the human open field paradigm and identify defining characteristics of bipolar mania that are distinct from schizophrenia. This cross-species study of exploration calls into question an accepted animal model of mania and should help to develop more accurate human and animal models, which are essential to identify neurobiological underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Altered sensitivity to excitotoxic cell death and glutamate receptor expression between two commonly studied mouse strains

Finn

Kovács

Pearce

2010

J of Neuroscience Research

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Alterations in glutamatergic synapse function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many different neurological disorders including ischemia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. While studying glutamate receptor function in juvenile Batten disease on the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEv mouse backgrounds, we noticed differences unlikely to be due to mutation difference alone. We report here that primary cerebellar granule cell cultures from C57BL/6J mice are more sensitive to NMDA-mediated cell death. Moreover, sensitivity to AMPA-mediated excitotoxicity is more variable and is dependent upon the treatment conditions and age of the cultures. Glutamate receptor surface expression levels examined in vitro by in situ ELISA and in vivo by Western blot in surface cross-linked cerebellar samples indicated that these differences in sensitivity are likely due to strain-dependent differences in cell surface receptor expression levels. We propose that differences in glutamate receptor expression and in excitotoxic vulnerability should be taken into consideration in the context of characterizing disease models on the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEv mouse backgrounds.

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Behavioral organization is independent of locomotor activity in 129 and C57 mouse strains1Published on the World Wide Web on 16 February 1999.1

Cited by 111 publications

References 25 publications

Differences in locomotor behavior revealed in mice deficient for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k or both

Differences in locomotor behavior revealed in mice deficient for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k or both

A Reverse-Translational Study of Dysfunctional Exploration in Psychiatric Disorders

Altered sensitivity to excitotoxic cell death and glutamate receptor expression between two commonly studied mouse strains

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