Behavioral, Morphological, and Gene Expression Changes Induced by 60Co-γ Ray Irradiation in Bactrocera tau (Walker)

Abstract

The sterile insect technique (SIT) may reduce pest populations by allowing sufficient amount of irradiation-induced sterile males to mate with wild females whilst maintaining mating ability comparable to wild males. Although the SIT methods are well understood, the optimal sterilizing dose and processing development stage for application vary among species. To ensure effective pest control programs, effects of irradiation on physiology, behavior, and gene function in the target species should be defined, however, little is known about irradiation effects in Bactrocera tau. Here, the effects of irradiation on rates of fecundity, egg hatch, eclosion, mating competitiveness, flight capability, morphology of reproductive organs, and yolk protein (YP) gene expression were studied. The results showed that rates of female fecundity and egg hatch decreased significantly (51 ± 19 to 0.06 ± 0.06 and 98.90 ± 1.01 to 0, respectively) when pupae were treated with >150 Gy irradiation. Flight capability and mating competitiveness were not significantly influenced at doses <250 Gy. Ovaries and fallopian tubes became smaller after irradiation, but there was no change in testes size. Finally, we found that expression of the YP gene was up-regulated by irradiation at 30 and 45 days post-emergence, but the mechanisms were unclear. Our study provides information on the determination of the optimal irradiation sterilizing dose in B. tau, and the effects of irradiation on physiology, morphology and gene expression that will facilitate an understanding of sub-lethal impacts of the SIT and expand its use to the control of other species.

Genomic Analyses for Predictors of Response to Chemoradiation in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

“… 23 In addition, mutations in KEAP1 / NFE2L2 (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.41-3.38) and STK11 (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.19-5.08) have been linked to worse overall survival in advanced NSCLC. 24 , 25 , 26 …”

“…XXX had reported worse local recurrence after SBRT in tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations in 166 tumors of primary lung (93%) or metastatic origin (7%)(23). In J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f addition, mutations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.41-3.38) and STK11 (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.19-5.08) have been linked to worse overall survival in advanced NSCLC(24)(25)(26).Our study identified AKT2 mutation as a potential predictor of poor response after definitive chemoradiation in stage III NSCLC. Although mutational frequencies of AKT2 was only 1.8%, the two patients with tumors containing AKT2 mutations had significantly worse local-regional control and overall survival after radiation and this effect is independent from potential confounding factors.…”

New Proposed Dose of Irradiation to Control Fruit Flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) and its Influence to Super Red Pittaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) Quality

“…papayae, and B. carambolae grouped into Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Schutze et al 2015), and also B. cucurbitae -have been considered as important pests infesting important horticultural commodities in South East ASIAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Brunei Darussalam, Laos and Thailand) (Hu et al 2010;Prabhakar et al 2009;Zhan et al 2015). The minimum dose for sterilizing those flies has remained varies compared other Tephritid flies, as follows 30 Gy for B. correcta (Puanmee et al 2010), 75 Gy for B. invadens (Ogaugwu et al 2012), 70-90 Gy for B. dorsalis (Nasution et al 2018), 90 Gy for B. zonata (Mahmoud and Barta 2011), and 200-250 Gy for B. tau (Cai et al 2018). While for preventing adult flies appearance, the third instar larvae have been previously irradiated on medium doses ranging from 85 Gy for B. tau (Zhan et al 2015) to 125 Gy for B. dorsalis (Follett and Amstrong 2004).…”

Deleterious effects of electron beam irradiation on development and reproduction of tomato/potato psyllids, Bactericera cockerelli

“…Differentially expressed genes in response to irritation are also distinct (Zhikrevetskaya et al ., 2015). Interestingly, while ovaries and fallopian tubes turn smaller and deformed, testes do not change in size in irradiated Bactrocera tau (Cai et al ., 2018). Therefore, comparative studies between female and male psyllids on DNA damage/repair, transcriptomic/morphological responses to irradiation will likely reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the sex‐specific responses.…”