Behavioral Modeling of GaN Doherty Power Amplifiers Using Memoryless Polar Domain Functions and Deep Neural Networks

Abstract

In this paper, novel Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) models are presented. The motivation behind the proposed models is to accurately predict static nonlinearities in the compression regions of the carrier and peaking amplifiers. DPAs suffer from a nonlinearity that originates from the carrier amplifier, and a second more pronounced nonlinearity generated at the full compression region following the turn-on of the peaking amplifier. Moreover, these distortions are often observed at different input power levels depending on whether the AM-AM or the AM-PM characteristic is considered. Therefore, the proposed static model is based on independent modeling of the memoryless gain in the polar domain. The static model of the memoryless AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics is augmented with either memory polynomials or deep neural network functions for memory effects modeling. The methodology of building the proposed models and the achieved results are discussed in this paper. The MP based proposed model achieves an NMSE as low as 45.3 − dB with only 78 model parameters, while the DNN based model achieves an NMSE as low as 46.1 − dB with only 156 model parameters. However, the DNN based model achieves the best model resilience to changes in the identification data.

Sparse Flexible Reduced-Volterra Model for Power Amplifier Digital Pre-Distortion

“…Next, we validate the performance of the proposed DPD model through experimental tests, using a 10 W Gallium 3GPP standard [64] and is also considered in recent papers, e.g., [2], [15], [16], [20], [65], [66]. Furthermore, note that memory polynomials in general, of which the proposed model is an expression, are also applicable for DPD of configurations with wider bandwidths, as for example [35].…”