Behavioral Modeling of Chokes for EMI Simulations in Power Electronics

Stevanović, I.; Skibin, Stanislav; Masti, M.; Laitinen, M.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2203319

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Labarre (11) also proposed a Cauer-type equivalent circuit, but the fitting procedure is not clear. Stevanovic (12) proposed a ladder network of RLC parallel circuits for expressing multiple resonances rather than modeling of frequency-dependent permeability, but this model has high degree of freedom so this model also can describe complex permeability. However, this model also needs an additional optimization program using a genetic algorithm for parameter fitting.…”

Section: Review Of Methods For Modeling Complex Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Straightforward Modeling of Complex Permeability for Common Mode Chokes

2018

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This paper presents a straightforward modeling method for the complex permeability of common mode chokes. The proposed model is obtained as an RL ladder network from a single RL parallel equivalent circuit by repeated manipulation called circuit dividing. Circuit dividing is the transformation of a single parallel RL circuit into two series-connected parallel RL circuits, and is used for expressing the complicated characteristics of inductive and resistive elements such as frequency-dependent complex permeability. The proposed model can be made to basically repeat the parameter fitting up to two parameters, so that the fitting procedure is straightforward. This is a great advantage for engineers because the model can be obtained without the need for special additional optimization programs, which were required in previous works. By using this model, the common mode impedance of a choke is fitted precisely, compared to the conventional single parallel RLC equivalent model. Moreover, not only the insertion loss of the EMI filter but also a time waveform is simulated precisely by both frequency and transient analysis with the proposed model.

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Section: Review Of Methods For Modeling Complex Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Straightforward Modeling of Complex Permeability for Common Mode Chokes

2018

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“…From Equation (9), a CM ferrite choke (L C1 " 4 µH, R C1 " 10 Ω, C C1 " 20 pF) simplified as a parallel RLC circuit was chosen, as shown in Figure 12 [26]. After adding the equivalent circuit model of the CM ferrite choke in the ADS PSPICE model, the CM current could no longer flow through the Y-cap to the chassis due to the large impedance of L C1 at 6 MHz, as shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Design Of CM Ferrite Chokementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation Emission Strategy Based on Resonances from a Power Inverter System in Electric Vehicles

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Large dv/dt and di/dt outputs of power devices in the DC-fed motor power inverter can generate conducted and/or radiated emissions through parasitics that interfere with low voltage electric systems in electric vehicles (EVs) and nearby vehicles. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters, ferrite chokes, and shielding added in the product process based on the "black box" approach can reduce the emission levels in a specific frequency range. However, these countermeasures may also introduce an unexpected increase in EMI noises in other frequency ranges due to added capacitances and inductances in filters resonating with elements of the power inverter, and even increase the weight and dimension of the power inverter system in EVs with limited space. In order to predict the interaction between the mitigation techniques and power inverter geometry, an accurate model of the system is needed. A power inverter system was modeled based on series of two-port network measurements to study the impact of EMI generated by power devices on radiated emission of AC cables. Parallel resonances within the circuit can cause peaks in the S21 (transmission coefficient between the phase-node-to-chassis voltage and the center-conductor-to-shield voltage of the AC cable connecting to the motor) and Z11 (input impedance at Port 1 between the Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) phase node and chassis) at those resonance frequencies and result in enlarged noise voltage peaks at Port 1. The magnitude of S21 between two ports was reduced to decrease the amount of energy coupled from the noise source between the phase node and chassis to the end of the AC cable by lowering the corresponding quality factor. The equivalent circuits were built by analyzing current-following paths at three critical resonance frequencies. Interference voltage peaks can be suppressed by mitigating the resonances. The capacitances and inductances generating the parallel resonances and responsible elements were determined by the calculation through the equivalent circuits. A combination of mitigation strategies including adding common-mode (CM) ferrite chokes through the Y-caps and the AC bus bar was designed to mitigate the resonances at 6 MHz, 11 MHz, and 26 MHz related to the CM conducted emission by IGBT switching and the radiated emission of the AC cable. The values of Z11 decreased respectively by 15 dB at 6 MHz, 0.4 dB at 11 MHz, and 11.5 dB at 26 MHz and the values of S21 decreased respectively by 8.6 dB at 6 MHz, 7 dB at 11 MHz, and 6.3 dB at 26 MHz. An equivalent model of the power inverter system for real-time simulation in time domain was built to validate the mitigation strategy in simulation software PSPICE.

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“…Additionally the EMI emission peaks due to resonances caused by distributed parameters may cause some energy losses of the motor drive system and decrease the efficiency of the system [21][22][23], so the distributed parameters at high frequency in the system should not be neglected anymore for EVs. Therefore, the effect of the distributed parameters on EMI emissions is important for identification of EMI propagation paths and the critical distributed parameters of elements responsible for EMI, and mitigation of EMI emissions [24].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Distributed Parameters on Conducted EMI from DC-Fed Motor Drive Systems in Electric Vehicles

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The large dv/dt and di/dt outputs of power devices in DC-fed motor drive systems in electric vehicles (EVs) always introduce conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions and may lead to motor drive system energy transmission losses. The effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI from the DC-fed high voltage motor drive systems in EVs is studied. A complete test for conducted EMI from the direct current fed(DC-fed) alternating current (AC) motor drive system in an electric vehicle (EV) under load conditions is set up to measure the conducted EMI of high voltage DC cables and the EMI noise peaks due to resonances in a frequency range of 150 kHz-108 MHz. The distributed parameters of the motor can induce bearing currents under low frequency sine wave operation. However the impedance of the distributed parameters of the motor is very high at resonance frequencies of 500 kHz and 30 MHz, and the effect of the bearing current can be ignored, so the research mainly focuses on the distributed parameters in inverters and cables at 500 kHz and 30 MHz, not the effect of distributed parameters of the motor on resonances. The corresponding equivalent circuits for differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) EMI at resonance frequencies of 500 kHz and 30 MHz are established to determine the EMI propagation paths and analyze the effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI. The dominant distributed parameters of elements responsible for the appearing resonances at 500 kHz and 30 MHz are determined. The effect of the dominant distributed parameters on conducted EMI are presented and verified by simulation and experiment. The conduced voltage at frequencies from 150 kHz to 108 MHz can be mitigated to below the limit level-3 of CISPR25 by changing the dominant distributed parameters.

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Behavioral Modeling of Chokes for EMI Simulations in Power Electronics

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

Straightforward Modeling of Complex Permeability for Common Mode Chokes

Straightforward Modeling of Complex Permeability for Common Mode Chokes

Mitigation Emission Strategy Based on Resonances from a Power Inverter System in Electric Vehicles

The Effect of Distributed Parameters on Conducted EMI from DC-Fed Motor Drive Systems in Electric Vehicles

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