Behavioral interventions for reduction of sexually transmitted disease/HIV transmission among female commercial sex workers and clients in Bali, Indonesia

Male-Female Differences in Sexual Behaviors and HIV Sero Prevalence among Workers in Socializing Places: Results from PLACE Survey, Uganda

“…[8]. The relationship between work setting and an individual behaviors was also supported by the effectiveness of establishment-based HIV/STD prevention intervention activities [3,9,10]. It is against this background that this study aimed to survey sexual behaviors and HIV sero prevalence among workers at public socializing places in Uganda.…”

“…The risk of HIV acquisition and/or transmission is usually determined by a combination of behavioral, biological and structural factors, such as the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse, a high number of concurrent sexual partners, the presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), limited access to prevention and treatment services, social stigma and discriminatory legal or regulatory policies [3,4]. Relatedly, efforts to prevent HIV epidemic in the past have led to a clear understanding that individual behaviors are central in shaping one's risk and vulnerability to HIV acquisition and transmission [3].…”

“…Relatedly, efforts to prevent HIV epidemic in the past have led to a clear understanding that individual behaviors are central in shaping one's risk and vulnerability to HIV acquisition and transmission [3].…”

Impact of Social and Structural Influence Interventions on Condom Use and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Establishment-Based Female Bar Workers in the Philippines

“…However, economic, organizational, legal and other macro-level structural factors have been increasingly emphasized in preventing HIV (Liu & So, 1996;Sumartojo, 2000). For example, reductions in HIV risk implemented by CSWs have been attributed to social-structural and external environmental determinants, such as workplace availability of condoms (Fontanet et al, 1998), policies mandating condom use between CSW and clients (Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, 1996), HIV education programs (Ford et al, 1996), and the support of establishment owners and managers (Morisky et al, 1998;.The emerging literature on macro-level structural factors has prompted studies such as the present one which seeks to examine various non-brothel settings (see above) where commercial sex is negotiated. Because this area of research is neglected, the aim is to develop a better understanding of commercial sex exchange in non-brothel settings to guide the design of more tailored interventions to specifically reduce risk in this context.…”

“…However, economic, organizational, legal and other macro-level structural factors have been increasingly emphasized in preventing HIV (Liu & So, 1996;Sumartojo, 2000). For example, reductions in HIV risk implemented by CSWs have been attributed to social-structural and external environmental determinants, such as workplace availability of condoms (Fontanet et al, 1998), policies mandating condom use between CSW and clients (Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, 1996), HIV education programs (Ford et al, 1996), and the support of establishment owners and managers (Morisky et al, 1998;.…”