Behavioral influences of the neuropeptides ACTH and MSH: A methodological review

Beckwith, Bill E.; Sandman, Curt A.

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(78)90039-8

Cited by 68 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…unpublished data]. In addition, a-MSH increases attention and arousal in rats and man [Kastin et al, 1976;DeWied, 1977;Bohns, 1979;Beckwith and Sandman, 1978]. Both the antidepressants and a-MSH may act on brain noradrenergic systems as many anatomical regions contain both a-MSH and norepinephrine and.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Lithium on Circadian Neurotransmitter Receptor Rhythms

Kafka

Wirz‐Justice²,

Naber

et al. 1982

Neuropsychobiology

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Chronic lithium administration significantly changes characteristics of the circadian rhythms in rat brain α- and β-adrenergic, muscarinic acetylcholine, dopamine, opiate, and benzodiazepine receptors. There are changes in the timing of the peak number of receptors (phase-position), in the amplitude of the rhythms, and in the 24-hour mean number of receptors. The circadian rhythm in the number of forebrain α- and β-adrenergic and benzodiazepine receptors is abolished. The phase-position of forebrain acetylcholine and opiate receptors and striatal benzodiazepine receptors is delayed. As the rhythms of the dopamine receptor number and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion become bimodal, their phase positions are difficult to evaluate. The mean number of forebrain α- and β-adrenergic, acetylcholine, opiate, and striatal benzodiazepine receptors increases. The mean number of forebrain benzodiazepine and striatal dopamine receptors and the mean concentration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone decreases. Lithium has profound effects on each of the receptor rhythms measured. Slowing and altering circadian rhythms may contribute to the therapeutic effects of chronic lithium treatment in affective disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…through increasing arousal [Kastin et al" 1976;DeWied. 1977;Beckwith and Sandman, 1978;Bohns, 1979], play a role in the sleep-wake cycle. As the a-MSH rhythm also is changed by the chronic admin istration of imipramine and clorgyline [O'Donohue et al, [in preparation], the effect of lithium on the a-MSH circadian rhythm was also measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lithium on Circadian Neurotransmitter Receptor Rhythms

Kafka

Wirz‐Justice²,

Naber

et al. 1982

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Studies employing physiological indicators of the actions of these peptides, in addition to behavioral mea sures, will be emphasized. Comprehensiveness is not stressed: the reader is referred to a number of very exten sive reviews on this matter [Sandman and Kastin, 1977;Beckwith and Sandman, 1978;Bohn:;Gaillard, 1981;Pigache and Rigter, 1981;Pigache. 1982;Beckwith and Sandman, 1982;Rigter et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACTH and Attention in Humans:A Review

Born¹,

Fehm²,

Voigt³

1986

Neuropsychobiology

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In addition to the hormonal action of corticotropin (ACTH) on the adrenal cortex, this peptide and fragments of it may function as chemical signals in CNS synapses. This report reviews studies on behavioral and psychophysiological effects of ACTH-related neuropeptides. Experiments will be emphasized which applied EEG techniques for the measurement of peptide-induced changes on aspects of information processing in man. It is proposed to conceptualize the pattern of actions of ACTH-related neuropeptides as a blocking of suppressive functions occurring, for example, during habituation or selective attention. Disinhibitory effects mediated by structures of the limbic system may be responsible for repeatedly observed improvements of sustained attention, but impairments of selective attention following the administration of ACTH-related neuropeptides. Under the influence of these peptides the attention is more easily attracted by stimuli, irrespective of their relevance.

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“…In all vertebrates examined so far, the hypothalamus is the principal site of a-M SH-ir cell bodies. These cells project to many different brain areas in volved in behavioral and autonomic homeostasis [Beckwith and Sandman, 1978;Eskay et ah, 1979;O'Donohue and Jacobowitz, 1980;Joseph et ah, 1983]. Numerous studies have shown that peripheral or intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of a-MSH and structurally related peptides fa cilitates learning and memory in mammals [De Weid and Jolles, 1982;Beckwith, 1988, for reviews], birds [Martin, 1981] and amphibians [Horn et ah, 1979;Horn and Horn, 1982;Carpenter et ah, 1994], Although a great deal is known about the pharmacolog ical effects of a-MSH/ACTH on learning and memory, rel atively little is known concerning their physiological role in learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Brain and Plasma Concentrations of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone during Habituation of Prey-Catching Behavior in Toads

Kim¹,

Carr²

1997

Brain Behav Evol

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Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) promote habituation of prey-catching behavior in toads. We tested the hypothesis that habituation is associated with alterations in the activity of α-MSH neurons in a toad, Bufo cognatus. We used immunocytochemistry and RIA to determine the organization and distribution of α-MSH neurons in the brain. In addition, we measured brain α-MSH and plasma concentrations in toads at different times before and during stimulus specific habituation of the turning response to a rotating prey dummy. Cell groups immunoreactive for α-MSH-/and ACTH were detected only in the infundibular hypothalamus. Projections from these cells innervated the olfactory nucleus, nucleus accumbens, septum, habenular nucleus, the preoptic area, the hypothalamus, the caudal thalamus, optic tectum and brain stem. The rank order of α-MSH concentrations in the brain of Bufo cognatus was caudal thalamus/hypothalamus (T/HT) > preoptic area (PO) ≧ rostral telencephalon (Tel) > brain stem (BS) > optic tectum (OT). The only difference observed in tissue α-MSH levels between habituated and non-habituated toads was an elevation in T/HT α-MSH levels in control toads after 20 min in the testing apparatus. In contrast, many differences were observed in both groups as a function of time spent in the test apparatus. Concentrations of α-MSH in the T/HT and PO increased while concentrations in the Tel decreased over time for both control and habituated toads. Plasma α-MSH titers rose over time in control toads but not in habituated toads. Our findings suggest that habituation per se is not associated with dramatic alterations in brain or plasma α-MSH levels. On the other hand, prolonged confinement causes pronounced alterations in the activity of brain and pituitary proopiomelanocortin cells.

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Behavioral influences of the neuropeptides ACTH and MSH: A methodological review

Cited by 68 publications

References 124 publications

Effect of Lithium on Circadian Neurotransmitter Receptor Rhythms

Effect of Lithium on Circadian Neurotransmitter Receptor Rhythms

ACTH and Attention in Humans:A Review

Alterations in Brain and Plasma Concentrations of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone during Habituation of Prey-Catching Behavior in Toads

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