Behavioral Factors Affecting Students’ Intentions to Enroll in Business Ethics Courses: A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory Using Self-Identity as a Moderator

Chinese or Malay-Medium Schools? A Study of Factors Influencing Chinese Parents' Choice of Primary Schools in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…The variance explained for MP's intention was is lower than that for CP, which indicates that there are other factors that need to be examined and were not included in this questionnaire. However, the variance explained for MP (32.4%) is still within the range that was found in other studies on educational choices: between 30% and 67% (Chen and Zimitat, 2006;Cheng and Chu, 2014;Goh, 2007;Ham, 2008;Knabe, 2012;Prugsamatz, 2009;Randall, 1994). In this study, the strong influence of PBC on intention indicates that the choice of a Chinese-or Malay-medium primary school puts school choice in Malaysia in the category of behaviours that are not under volitional control.…”

“…The largest challenge is to enrol the eldest child in the preferred school, after which there are rarely problems because siblings are given priority for placement in the same school. Other studies have shown that PBC is a primary factor that influences education-related intentions when the behaviour is not under volitional control (Cheng and Chu, 2014;Randall, 1994).…”

“…A limitation of TPB is that the actual behaviour may not be the same as the behavioural intention (Fleming et al, 2014;Goh, 2007), specifically for behaviours that are not totally under volitional control. However, this limitation can be mitigated by examining variables that influence behavioural intention immediately after the behaviour has been performed (Cheng and Chu, 2014;Randall, 1994;Pineda, 2009). To address this limitation, the present study investigated Chinese parents' school choice soon after making the choice, that is, when their children were in primary school.…”

“…In this study, the strong influence of PBC on intention indicates that the choice of a Chinese-or Malay-medium primary school puts school choice in Malaysia in the category of behaviours that are not under volitional control. In this category, studies that use TPB have shown that PBC is a primary factor that influences intentions, such as applications for enrolling in business ethics courses (Cheng and Chu, 2014;Randall, 1994), but when students have adequate resources, including perceived capability to perform well, PBC contributed little in predicting intentions (Chen and Zimitat, 2006;Prugsamatz, 2009;Pineda, 2009). In the present study, the Chinese parents could afford to pay for the school fees but they were unsure about whether they could secure a place for their children in the preferred school due to government-imposed conditions on student enrolment based on residential zoning.…”

Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions

“…One particular type of variable is the selection of elective courses in the area of S-ENT. Cheng and Chu (2014), for example, have applied the TPB to explain whether students enroll into business ethics courses, while Shen (2010) has used the TPB to predict behavior such as the enrollment in elective physical education in high schools. This article, therefore, extends the Mair and Noboa (2006) model by adding the number of S-ENT elective courses picked by a student as a proxy for social entrepreneurial intentions.…”