Behavioral ethics for Homo economicus, Homo heuristicus, and Homo duplex

Kluver, Jesse R.; Frazier, Rebecca S.; Haidt, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.12.004

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Such a perspective suggests that moral behavior enables people to be a part of a group by making personally costly contributions to the group and by creating a reputation of a loyal and trustworthy cooperator that should be included in social exchange, rather than being ostracized and excluded (17,18). Accordingly, both groups and their members benefit from developing and nurturing moral behavior, including being honest and truthful.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, both groups and their members benefit from developing and nurturing moral behavior, including being honest and truthful. Importantly, however, moral behavior that serves one's group may be at odds with moral concerns and behaviors that serve an overarching collective or some universal moral principle (16,(18)(19). For example, when a mother from Ohio faked her home address to send her children to a good school outside their residential district, she was sentenced to jail for breaking the law.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oxytocin promotes group-serving dishonesty

Shalvi

Dreu

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

155

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To protect and promote the well-being of others, humans may bend the truth and behave unethically. Here we link such tendencies to oxytocin, a neuropeptide known to promote affiliation and cooperation with others. Using a simple coin-toss prediction task in which participants could dishonestly report their performance levels to benefit their group's outcome, we tested the prediction that oxytocin increases group-serving dishonesty. A double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment allowing individuals to lie privately and anonymously to benefit themselves and fellow group members showed that healthy males (n = 60) receiving intranasal oxytocin, rather than placebo, lied more to benefit their group, and did so faster, yet did not necessarily do so because they expected reciprocal dishonesty from fellow group members. Treatment effects emerged when lying had financial consequences and money could be gained; when losses were at stake, individuals in placebo and oxytocin conditions lied to similar degrees. In a control condition (n = 60) in which dishonesty only benefited participants themselves, but not fellow group members, oxytocin did not influence lying. Together, these findings fit a functional perspective on morality revealing dishonesty to be plastic and rooted in evolved neurobiological circuitries, and align with work showing that oxytocin shifts the decision-maker's focus from self to group interests. These findings highlight the role of bonding and cooperation in shaping dishonesty, providing insight into when and why collaboration turns into corruption.decision making | behavioral economics | behavioral ethics | lies | honesty

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin promotes group-serving dishonesty

Shalvi

Dreu

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Tenbrunsel and Smith-Crowe (2008), for example, argue that it is crucial to define what is ethical or moral, ''for without a universal understanding of the core dependent variable, research will remain inconsistent, incoherent, and atheoretical'' (p. 548). Similarly, Kluver et al (2014) contend that ''we must establish some sort of normative framework, so that we can say when or why a particular manipulation or intervention will make people behave in a more ethical way.'' The problem is that even though behavioral ethics is a social science discipline with a descriptive focus, it needs to define its core criterion variable-ethical behavior.…”

Section: Normative Considerations Within Behavioral Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, research on behavioral ethics is primarily concerned with explaining individual behavior that occurs in the context of larger social prescriptions'' (p. 952). Kluver et al (2014) add a second standard, moral capital, defined as ''the resources that sustain a moral community'' (Haidt 2012, p. 292). This includes social capital but also an alignment among the community members' moral psychology and the community's norms and culture.…”

Section: Normative Considerations Within Behavioral Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this is the case, and we concede that the possibility is somewhat speculative, then future research is needed about both continuous withincategory judgments, as well as the relative weighting of good and bad behaviors (for example, see Birnbaum 1972Birnbaum , 1973Birnbaum and Riskey 1974). Beyond this, Kluver et al (2014) argue that it is particularly interesting to consider how people shift back and forth between ethical and unethical acts. To investigate these complex patterns of behavior, studies are needed that can capture both the negative (unjust or unethical), as well as the positive (just, ethical) end of the spectrum.…”

Section: Concluding Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond the Particular and Universal: Dependence, Independence, and Interdependence of Context, Justice, and Ethics

et al. 2015

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This article reflects on context effects in the study of behavioral ethics and organizational justice. After a general overview, we review three key challenges confronting research in these two domains. First, we consider social scientific versus normative approaches to inquiry. The former aims for a scientific description, while the latter aims to provide prescriptive advice for moral conduct. We argue that the social scientific view can be enriched by considering normative paradigms. The next challenge we consider, involves the duality of morally upright versus morally inappropriate behavior. We observe that there is a long tradition of categorizing behavior dichotomously (e.g., good vs. bad) rather than continuously. We conclude by observing that more research is needed to compare the dichotomous versus continuous perspectives. Third, we examine the role of ''cold'' cognitions and ''hot'' affect in making judgments of ethicality. Historically speaking, research has empathized cognition, though recent work has begun to add greater balance to affective reactions. We argue that both cognition and affect are important, but more research is needed to determine how they work together. After considering these three challenges, we then turn to our special issue, providing short reviews of each contribution and how they help in better addressing the three challenges we have identified.

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It is all about the bottom line: Group bottom‐line mentality, psychological safety, and group creativity

et al. 2020

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SummaryWe examine bottom‐line mentality (BLM) at the group level and examine the effect of group BLM on group psychological safety and subsequent group creativity. We draw on goal shielding theory to suggest that groups high in BLM narrowly focus on bottom‐line outcomes, which encourages them to eliminate distracting considerations from their work processes. Because the group's high BLM encapsulates goal shielding, these groups are deficient in fostering psychological safety as an important interpersonal process that facilitates group creativity. We also couple goal shielding theory with arguments related to situational strength to examine group BLM agreement (i.e., the standard deviation of the mean of group BLM) as a first stage moderator. We contend that high‐BLM agreement (vs. low agreement) strengthens the goal shielding effect of group BLM, which is reflected by a stronger detrimental effect on group psychological safety that then reduces group creativity. We found support for our theoretical model using multisource, multiwave field data from a diverse sample of workgroups and their supervisors. We discuss the theoretical implications of our research and provide practical suggestions for limiting the deleterious consequences of group BLMs in the workplace.

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Behavioral ethics for Homo economicus, Homo heuristicus, and Homo duplex

Cited by 44 publications

References 62 publications

Oxytocin promotes group-serving dishonesty

Oxytocin promotes group-serving dishonesty

Beyond the Particular and Universal: Dependence, Independence, and Interdependence of Context, Justice, and Ethics

It is all about the bottom line: Group bottom‐line mentality, psychological safety, and group creativity

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