Behavioral Effects of Head Injury

Efficacy of Family Intervention in Acquired Head-Injury Cases in India

“…Brain injury produces changes in behaviour in the spectrum of attentional, perceptual, cognitive, emotive, and executive aspects of functioning, often affecting more than one domain and to varying degrees (Garoutte & Aird, 1984). The patterns of behavioural dysfunction may also vary considerably (Tabaddor et al, 1984).…”

“…During the acute recovery phase after trauma, moderately to severely injured persons may exhibit a range of behavioural disorders such as restlessness, agitation, combativeness, emotional liability, confusion, hallucinations and other disturbed perceptions, disorientation, depression, paranoid ideation, hypomania, and confabulation (Garoutte & Aird, 1984;Kwentus et al, 1985). These behavioural problems are more disturbing, burdensome, and unacceptable to family members than the physical stigma (Bond, 1984).…”

“…Behavioural problems associated with closed head injuries are common, and represent major obstacles to rehabilitation efforts designed to help affected persons resume productive domestic or community roles (Garoutte & Aird, 1984). During the acute recovery phase after trauma, moderately to severely injured persons may exhibit a range of behavioural disorders such as restlessness, agitation, combativeness, emotional liability, confusion, hallucinations and other disturbed perceptions, disorientation, depression, paranoid ideation, hypomania, and confabulation (Garoutte & Aird, 1984;Kwentus et al, 1985).…”

“…When brain injury occurs, the injured people's families and significant others are affected. Complex and enduring problems and hardships that family caregivers face include social isolation, depression, anxiety, anger, blame, lack of knowledge about brain injury, and guilt (Garoutte & Aird, 1984;Lezak, 1988). Consequently, coping with a brain injury is complex, impacts many domains, and requires meaningful timely information and intervention (Kwentus et al, 1985;Stoler & Hill, 1998).…”

Prediction of recovery for closed-head-injured adults: An evaluation of the MMPI, the adaptive behavior scale, and A “Quality of Life” rating scale

“…For instance, one would expect that the greater the degree of thought disorder indicated by the SC scale, the poorer the prognosis for recovery. The tendency toward increased denial and confabulation that has been noted among the head injured (Garoutte & Aird, 1984;Levin, Benton, & Grossman, 1983) and derived from the K scale also would be expected to translate poorly into recovery. Finally, the endorsement of items on the PD scale should serve as a predictor of socially maladaptive behavior that would inhibit good recovery outcome.…”