Behavioral Ecology of Dispersal in the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog

Garrett, Monte G.; Franklin, William L.

doi:10.2307/1381375

Cited by 119 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the establishment of dispersing individuals may be enhanced by conspeci®c cuing (Ray et al 1991). In prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), surviving dispersers established residence in extant colonies rather than colonizing vacant sites (Garrett and Franklin 1988). Although Stamps (1987) found evidence for cuing in juvenile lizards (Anolis aeneus), we found no evidence for it in experimental studies on adult female tree lizards (M'Closkey et al 1990b).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Size distributions and sex ratios of colonizing lizards

M’Closkey¹,

Hecnar²,

Chalcraft³

et al. 1998

Oecologia

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This paper reports the body size distributions and sex ratios of four species of phyrnosomatid lizard that colonized experimentally created density sinks. The experiments were conducted in western Colorado in 1992, and lizards colonizing the habitats in 1993 were compared to those removed in 1992 and those present in 1991. Lizards colonizing the density sinks were able to disperse from adjacent habitat. For two of the species (Urosaurus ornatus and Sceloporus undulatus), colonizing lizards were significantly smaller than either those removed in 1992 or those present in 1991. Two other species (S. graciosus and Uta stansburiana) showed no difference in the size distribution of colonizing and removed lizards. In addition, sex ratios of colonizing lizards did not differ from those removed in 1992 or present in 1991. The results of the experiments have implications for the dynamics of the target populations, rescue of local populations from extinction, the regional persistence of populations subject to turnover in patchy environments, and priority effects in colonization.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Size distributions and sex ratios of colonizing lizards

M’Closkey¹,

Hecnar²,

Chalcraft³

et al. 1998

Oecologia

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“…There are two possible explanations for this result. First, designation of peripheral colonies in this study may not have captured the scale of isolation necessary to distinguish clumped from peripheral colonies because black-tailed prairie dogs migrate up to 10 km (Knowles, 1985;Garrett and Franklin, 1988; Table 1). Thus, gene flow may account for the maintenance of variability in peripheral colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sylvatic Plague Reduces Genetic Variability in Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Trudeau

Britten

Restani

2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Small, isolated populations are vulnerable to loss of genetic diversity through inbreeding and genetic drift. Sylvatic plague due to infection by the bacterium Yersinia pestis caused an epizootic in the early 1990s resulting in declines and extirpations of many black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in north-central Montana, USA. Plague-induced population bottlenecks may contribute to significant reductions in genetic variability. In contrast, gene flow maintains genetic variability within colonies. We investigated the impacts of the plague epizootic and distance to nearest colony on levels of genetic variability in six prairie dog colonies sampled between June 1999 and July 2001 using 24 variable randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Number of effective alleles per locus (n e ) and gene diversity (h) were significantly decreased in the three colonies affected by plague that were recovering from the resulting bottlenecks compared with the three colonies that did not experience plague. Genetic variability was not significantly affected by geographic distance between colonies. The majority of variance in gene frequencies was found within prairie dog colonies. Conservation of genetic variability in black-tailed prairie dogs will require the preservation of both large and small colony complexes and the gene flow among them.

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“…Dispersing individuals are often highly susceptible to predation (Garrett and Franklin, 1988;Sakai and Noon, 1997). However, the type of predator (i.e.…”

Section: Energy Levels Starvation and Predationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating dispersal of reintroduced species within heterogeneous landscapes

Gardner

Gustafson²

2004

Ecological Modelling

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This paper describes the development and application of a spatially explicit, individual based model of animal dispersal (J-walk) to determine the relative effects of landscape heterogeneity, prey availability, predation risk, and the energy requirements and behavior of dispersing organisms on dispersal success. Significant unknowns exist for the simulation of complex movement behavior within heterogeneous landscapes. Therefore, initial simulations with J-walk examined the relative effect of landscape patterns and species-specific characteristics on dispersal success. Differences in landscape pattern were simulated by random generation of fractal maps with average available energy (i.e. prey) and predation risk expressed as a function of habitat type. Variation in species-specific patterns were then simulated by a series of scenarios that varied the response of dispersing individuals to habitat heterogeneity, including: habitat selection to maximize energy intake, habitat selection to minimize predation risk, or habitat selection contingent on energy reserves. Results showed that significant shifts in dispersal could be related to (1) the unique spatial arrangement of habitat within each map, (2) changes in relative prey abundance, and (3) variation in the relationship between energy availability and predation risk. Hypothetical management scenarios were used to identify critical data needed to assure the persistence of reintroduced populations of American martens (Martes americana).

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Behavioral Ecology of Dispersal in the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog

Cited by 119 publications

References 41 publications

Size distributions and sex ratios of colonizing lizards

Size distributions and sex ratios of colonizing lizards

Sylvatic Plague Reduces Genetic Variability in Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Simulating dispersal of reintroduced species within heterogeneous landscapes

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