Behavioral determinants of severe cardiac inhibition

Cuadras, Jordi

doi:10.3758/bf03327000

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If RCA does have or not a general physiological meaning is yet unknown (CUADRAS, 1981). One of the most suitable suggestion about it is that RCA could represent concealment from predators or prey that might be able to detect the regular electrical or pressure gradients associated with cardiac or branchial pumping as proposed by McMAHON e WILKENS (1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCA is defined as a neurogenic interruption of heart beats in response to startling stimuli and described to occur in some mammals, arthropods and mollusks. In birds and fishes it has not been systematically investigated (CUADRAS, 1981). The present study was carried out to investigate if RCA occurs in the Notothenia neglecta since interruption or lowering in plasmatic flow promoted by cardiac activity arrest seems incompatible with their adaptative requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

REVERSIBLE CARDIAC ARREST INDUCED BY STARTLING STIMULI IN THE ANTARCTIC FISH Notothenia neglecta

Hoshino¹,

Lucchiari²,

Bacila³

1998

AVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Startling stimuli induce temporary inhibition of heart beats in many animals. Since such property, named reversible cardiac arrest, has not been systematically studied in fishes, the present work investigated its occurrence in an Antarctic fish that evolved independently from other teleost groups. Heart rate changes in response to different stimuli were monitored by conventional electrocardiographic recording in 15 Notothenia neglecta (400-700 grams), maintained in an experimental chamber with aerated sea water and controlled temperature. Sudden vibration of the chamber, observer approximation and other alerting stimuli evoked cardiac arrest sometimes for one or more beats, but the most common response was only a short delay of the beat after the stimulus. Increase in temperature up to 11ºC raised heart rate but did not abolish the response. Moderate hypoxia facilitated cardiac arrest. Pronounced cardiac inhibition with some isolated beats was observed when the animals were handled or when the water of the chamber was removed. Atropine (1mg/kg) administration blocked the cardiac arrest induced by such procedures. It is concluded that reversible cardiac arrest is probably a common property of many fishes and developed before the adaptation to the Antarctic environment.Key Words: Cardiac arrest; Antarctic fish; Notothenia neglecta. RESUMO -Estímulos de alarme induzem inibição temporária dos batimentos cardíacos em muitos animais.Como essa proprieade, denominada parada (arrest) cardíaca reversível não vem sendo estudada sistematicamente em peixes, os presente trabalho investigou a sua ocorrência em peixes antárticos que evoluíram independentemente de outros grupos de teleósteos. Alterações do ritmo cardíaco em resposta a diferentes estímulos foram monitoradas por registro eletrocardiográfico em 15 espécimes de Notothenia neglecta (400-700 g) mantidas em uma câmara experimental com água do mar aerada e temperatura controlada. Vibrações repentinas da câmara, a aproximação do observador e outros estímulos de alerta provocavam no animal paradas cardíacas algumas vezes por um ou mais batimentos, mas a resposta mais comum era somente de uma parada curta do batimento cardíaco após estímulo. Aumento da temperatura até 11ºC eleva o ritmo (rate) cardíaco sem abolir a resposta contudo. Hipóxia moderada facilita a parada cardíaca. Inibição cardíaca pronunciada com algum batimento isolado foi observada quando os animais eram manuseados ou quando a água da câmara era removida. Administração de atropina (1 mg/kg) bloqueia a parada cardíaca induzida por tais procedimentos. Conclui-se, então, que a parada cardíaca reversível é provavelmente uma propriedade comum de muitos peixes que se desenvolveu antes da sua adaptação ao ambiente antártico.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVERSIBLE CARDIAC ARREST INDUCED BY STARTLING STIMULI IN THE ANTARCTIC FISH Notothenia neglecta

Hoshino¹,

Lucchiari²,

Bacila³

1998

AVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Temporary suppression of visceral activity for the purpose of concealment by predators or prey is a well-known adaptive mechanism in aquatic animals and has been demonstrated mainly in the cardiorespiratory activity of decapod crustaceans (13,14). In fish, however, concealment via cardiorespiratory arrest is not a viable strategy, because suspension of heart and opercular beats can last only a few seconds (15).…”

Section: B Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolocation-communication discharges of the fish Gymnotus carapo L. (Gymnotidae: Gymnotiformes) during behavioral sleep

Stopa

Hoshino

1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Technical problems have hampered the study of sleep in teleosts. The electrical discharges of Gymnotus carapo L. (Gymnotidae: Gymnotiformes) were monitored to evaluate their ease and reliability as parameters to study sleep. The discharges were detected by electrodes immersed in a glass aquarium and were recorded on a conventional polygraph. G. carapo showed conspicuous signs of behavioral sleep. During these periods, opercular beat rates were counted, electric discharges recorded, and the sharp discharge increase (SDI) of the orienting reflex was investigated. All 20 animals monitored maintained electrical discharges during behavioral sleep. The discharge frequencies during sleep (50.3 ± 10.4 Hz) were not significantly different from those observed when the fish was awake and inactive (57.2 ± 12.1 Hz) (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, P>0.05). However, the SDI, which was prevalent in the awake fish, was not observed during periods of behavioral sleep. Additional observations showed that the species had cannibalistic habits. When presented with electrical discharges from a conspecific, the sleeping fish showed an initial decrease or pause in discharge frequency, while the awake fish did not have this response. We conclude that the electrical discharges of G. carapo were not conspicuous indicators of behavioral sleep. Discharges may have been maintained during sleep for sensory purposes, i.e., conspecific detection and avoidance of cannibalistic attacks.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are summarized in Table·2. Unfortunately, because many vertebrate studies simultaneously monitor only two or three aspects of the alternate response (Cuadras, 1981), there is no conclusive evidence about its function in a given vertebrate, let alone if it is similar to that of other animals.We can monitor ventilation and heart rate in cuttlefish (S. officinalis) non-invasively using ultrasound . Simultaneously, we can monitor behaviour using an overhead video camera.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ventilatory, cardiac and behavioural responses of resting cuttlefish(Sepia officinalisL.) to sudden visual stimuli

King

Adamo

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionIt is well-accepted that animals increase ventilation rate and cardiac output after a sudden stimulus (Wingfield, 2003). However, animals across many taxonomic groups have an alternate response to sudden stimuli. The alternate response includes decreased ventilation rate, decreased cardiac output and behavioural freezing (Table·1). Several animals engage in either the traditional fight-or-flight response or the alternate response, depending on the context. For example, if an alligator (Smith et al., 1974) or a burrowing mammal (Smith and Woodruff, 1980;Smith et al., 1981) is cornered in the open, it shows the traditional fight-or-flight response; its heart rate increases, and it fights. However, when the same animal is allowed to hide underwater (alligator) or in its den (burrowing mammal) when frightened, it shows an alternate response; its heart rate decreases and it becomes still.In response to rapidly approaching objects, some cephalopods, e.g. Octopus vulgaris (Wells, 1980;Wells et al., 1987) and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Chichery, 1980), show an alternate response. In cuttlefish, the response includes a transient decrease in ventilation rate and adoption of the Deimatic Display (Table·1). The cephalopod Deimatic Display includes behavioural freezing, rapid changes in skin colour and texture, and body flattening (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996) (e.g. Fig.·1). It is part of a larger category of behaviour called deimatic behaviour. Deimatic behaviour is thought to act as 'threat, startle, frightening or bluff behaviour [that] in most cases serves to make a predator hesitate during the close approach phase of attack ' (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996, p. 79). If deimatic behaviour does not stop the approach of the object or predator, the cephalopod typically jets away by powerfully forcing water from its mantle (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996).Unlike the function of the cephalopod Deimatic Display, the function of cardiac and ventilatory decreases after sudden stimuli is unknown. It is surprising that ventilation rate and When startled, some animals reduce ventilation rate and heart rate, and become motionless. The function of this response, if any, remains unknown. We used noninvasive ultrasound imaging to monitor the ventilatory, cardiac and postural responses of cuttlefish exposed to sudden visual stimuli. Simultaneously, we recorded cuttlefish behaviour using an overhead video camera. Upon presentation of the sudden visual stimulus (rapidly approaching bird cut-out), cuttlefish rapidly changed the colour and the texture of their skin, taking on characteristics of the Deimatic Display. Cuttlefish also became motionless (behavioural freezing), hyperinflated their mantles, and decreased their ventilation rate and heart rate. We found no evidence of a relationship between the intensity of the Deimatic Display and the intensity of any other measured parameter. Ventilation rate decreased during behavioural freezing. Hyperinflation of the mantle was most intense in preparation for and during behavioural ...

show abstract

Behavioral determinants of severe cardiac inhibition

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

REVERSIBLE CARDIAC ARREST INDUCED BY STARTLING STIMULI IN THE ANTARCTIC FISH Notothenia neglecta

REVERSIBLE CARDIAC ARREST INDUCED BY STARTLING STIMULI IN THE ANTARCTIC FISH Notothenia neglecta

Electrolocation-communication discharges of the fish Gymnotus carapo L. (Gymnotidae: Gymnotiformes) during behavioral sleep

The ventilatory, cardiac and behavioural responses of resting cuttlefish(Sepia officinalisL.) to sudden visual stimuli

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About