Behavioral, cognitive and histological changes following neonatal anoxia: Male and female rats' differences at adolescent age

Kumar, Amrita Jha; Motta-Teixeira, Lívia Clemente; Takada, Silvia Honda; Yonamine-Lee, Vitor; Machado-Nils, Aline Vilar; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Nogueira, Maria Inês

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.12.002

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In general, hypoxia due to global ischemia leads to infarction which can damage the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and necrosis of the basal ganglia [98]. In experimental models, histologic analysis indicates a shrunken eosinophilic neuron (anoxic neuron) and a red neuron, a representation of dead neuronal cells due to hypoxia [99].…”

Section: Viral Infection-induced Hypoxia and Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System-Associated Morbidities and Their Potential Mechanism

et al. 2021

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The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections that causes coronavirus-induced disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the defining and unprecedented global health crisis of our time in both the scale and magnitude. Although the respiratory tract is the primary target of SARS-CoV-2, accumulating evidence suggests that the virus may also invade both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) leading to numerous neurological issues including some serious complications such as seizures, encephalitis, and loss of consciousness. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the currently known role of SARS-CoV-2 and identify all the neurological problems reported among the COVID-19 case reports throughout the world. The virus might gain entry into the CNS either through the trans-synaptic route via the olfactory neurons or through the damaged endothelium in the brain microvasculature using the ACE2 receptor potentiated by neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). The most critical of all symptoms appear to be the spontaneous loss of breathing in some COVID-19 patients. This might be indicative of a dysfunction within the cardiopulmonary regulatory centers in the brainstem. These pioneering studies, thus, lay a strong foundation for more in-depth basic and clinical research required to confirm the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurodegeneration of critical brain regulatory centers. Keywords ACE1. ACE2. Brain. COVID-19. Coronavirus. Headache. Loss of consciousness. Loss of smell. Loss of taste. Neuropilin-1. Nervous system. SARS-CoV-2. Seizures. Stroke Abbreviations ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome BBB Blood-brain barrier BNB Blood-nerve barrier BSCB Blood-spinal cord barriers CMAP Compound muscle action potential CNS Central nervous system CTSL Cathepsin L GBS Guillain-Barré syndrome

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Section: Viral Infection-induced Hypoxia and Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System-Associated Morbidities and Their Potential Mechanism

et al. 2021

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“…Neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia (Vannucci and Vannucci, 2005; Levine, 1960), perinatal asphyxia (Barkhuizen et al, 2017) and neonatal anoxia (Takada et al, 2011) in rats are included in the most often used models in newborns. Neonatal anoxia in rats causes loss in neuronal and glial populations in brain areas, cognitive and behavioral deficits (Takada et al, 2016, 2015; Kumar et al, 2017, 2019), delay in sensorimotor development and changes in somatic growth (Kumar et al, 2017). Body composition measures and neurodevelopmental disorders are also observed in human beings (Lip et al, 2018; Brooks et al, 2011; Strand et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth and body weight modifications in children with neurodevelopmental disorders following oxygen deficiency have been reported (Lip et al, 2018;Brooks et al, 2011;Strand et al, 2016). Likewise, previous experimental studies have showed that neonatal oxygen deprivation impairs the somatic development of Wistar rats (Kumar et al, 2019;Shimomura and Ohta, 1988;Tang and Nakazawa, 2005;Grojean et al, 2003;Yan et al, 2016). However, little is known about the causes of these alterations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neonatal anoxia impairs long‐term energy metabolism and somatic development of Wistar rats

Cruz-Ochoa

Ochoa-Amaya

Pulecio

et al. 2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Background: Neonatal anoxia may cause neurological injuries, behavioral alterations and changes in somatic growth. Somatic developmental changes suggest a possible effect of anoxia on energy metabolism and/or feeding behavior. Short-term effects of oxygen deficit on energy homeostasis have been described. In contrast, just a few studies report long-term effects. This study investigated the effects of neonatal anoxia on energy metabolism and somatic development at adulthood of males and females Wistar rats. Method: Male (m) and female (f) rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of Anoxia or Control treatment. At P34 part of the subjects of each group was fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h and then perfused 30 min later, at P35; the remaining subjects were submitted to these treatments at P94 and perfused at P95. Therefore, there were 8 groups: AmP35, AmP95, AfP35, AfP95, CmP35, CmP95, CfP35 and CfP95. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90. For subjects perfused at P35 and P95, glycemia, leptin and insulin were assessed after fasting and refeed. After perfusion the encephalon and pancreas were collected for Fos immunohistochemistry and Hematoxylin-Eosin stain analyses. Results: Even though neonatal anoxia did not interfere with regular food intake, it reduced body weight gain along growing in both male and female subjects as compared to the corresponding controls. At P35 neonatal anoxia decreased post-prandial glycemia and increased insulin. While at P95 neonatal anoxia altered the pancreatic histomorphology and increased post-fasting weight loss, decreasing leptin, insulin and glycemia secretion, as well Fos immunoreactivity (IR) in ARC. Conclusion: Neonatal anoxia impairs long-term energy metabolism and somatic development in Wistar rats, with differences related to sex and age.

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“…Previous research conducted in our laboratory also evaluated the effects of anoxia in adolescence on the cell count of other encephalic regions (Kumar et al, 2020(Kumar et al, , 2019. The hippocampus analysis showed different results according to the considered subfield, which also might be related to their developmental stage: in CA1, anoxia males and females presented fewer cells than their controls; however, at the dentate gyrus, only anoxia males presented fewer cells than their control (Kumar et al, 2019). The same results were observed in thalamic ventral posterolateral nuclei (Kumar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal anoxia increases nociceptive response in rats: Sex differences and lumbar spinal cord and insula alterations

Helou

Martins

Arruda

et al. 2021

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Neonatal anoxia is a well-known world health problem that results in neurodevelopmental deficits, such as sensory alterations that are observed in patients with cerebral palsy and autism disorder, for which oxygen deprivation is a risk factor. Nociceptive response, as part of the sensory system, has been reported as altered in these patients. To determine whether neonatal oxygen deprivation alters nociceptive sensitivity and promotes medium-and long-term inflammatory feedback in the central nervous system, Wistar rats of around 30 h old were submitted to anoxia (100% nitrogen flux for 25 min) and evaluated on PND23 (postpartum day) and PND90. The nociceptive response was assessed by mechanical, thermal, and tactile tests in the early postnatal and adulthood periods. The lumbar spinal cord (SC, L4-L6) motor neurons (MNs) and the posterior insular cortex neurons were counted and compared with their respective controls after anoxia. In addition, we evaluated the possible effect of anoxia on the expression of astrocytes in the SC at adulthood. The results showed increased nociceptive responses in both males and females submitted to anoxia, although these responses were different according to the nociceptive stimulus. A decrease in MNs in adult anoxiated females and an upregulation of GFAP expression in the SC were observed. In the insular cortex, a decrease in the number of cells of anoxiated males was observed in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest that oxygen-deprived nervous systems in rats may affect their response at the sensorimotor pathways and respective controlling centers with sex differences, which were related to the used stimulus.

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Behavioral, cognitive and histological changes following neonatal anoxia: Male and female rats' differences at adolescent age

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System-Associated Morbidities and Their Potential Mechanism

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System-Associated Morbidities and Their Potential Mechanism

Neonatal anoxia impairs long‐term energy metabolism and somatic development of Wistar rats

Neonatal anoxia increases nociceptive response in rats: Sex differences and lumbar spinal cord and insula alterations

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