Behavioral and physiological effect of orally administered tryptophan on horses subjected to acute isolation stress

Bagshaw, C.S.; Ralston, Sarah L.; Fisher, Hans

doi:10.1016/0168-1591(94)90083-3

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, horses experiencing a higher level of fear or stress in their stall show more fear responses during a novel object test. In addition, defecation might also reflect fearfulness during the novel object test, as the frequency of this behavior increases when horses are isolated and confined (KileyWorthington, 1990;Bagshaw et al, 1994). This behavior also correlated with vocalization during undisturbed behavior observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The presence of these behaviors is associated with vocalization during undisturbed behavior observations. A higher frequency of vocalization is observed when horses are isolated and confined for short or longer periods (Kiley-Worthington, 1990, Bagshaw et al, 1994, as this behavior occurs when social partners are separated (Waring, 1983). Thus, this behavior might indicate a higher level of stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, the presence of stress also relates to horses' welfare. Physiological responses to stress are seen as heart rate and salivary cortisol concentrations both increase (Kiley-Worthington, 1990;Bagshaw et al, 1994). However, the latter techniques to measure stress require direct contact with the horse and consequently affect the measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The use of different objects during a novel object test in stabled horses

Bulens

Sterken

Beirendonck

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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a b s t r a c tNovel object tests are often used to evaluate a horse's temperament by recording fear responses toward an unfamiliar object, but they might also be used as a part of welfare assessment. Various objects are used during these tests. This study aims to verify the use of different objects during a novel object test performed in the horse's stall. To this end, 54 horses and 4 objects (red-white striped cone [RWCONE]; a red-yellow plastic ball [BALL]; a black open umbrella [UMBR]; black-yellow striped cone [BYCONE]) were selected. To verify associations between behavior during the novel object test and undisturbed behavior at stable, baseline behavior profiling (4 Â 10 minutes, spread over 4 days) was carried out. Thereafter, novel object tests were performed. Each object was presented for 10 minutes to the horses in their stalls, spread over 4 consecutive days. Each horse was exposed to the 4 objects in a semirandom order. The results reveal a higher frequency of object-related behavior in the presence of the umbrella (P ¼ 0.0005), which might be caused by the color and the size of the object. No differences in object-related behaviors were found between the 2 cones which were colored differently. The age of the horse must be taken into account, as younger horses showed more pronounced reactions to the objects. When feed is available, horses showed less contact with the object, as they are not inclined to explore their environment. Sniffing behavior toward the object positively correlates with specific features of housing (large stall, visual and physical contact with other horses). A higher frequency of fear reactions to the objects is associated with more vocalizations during undisturbed behavior observations, which might be indicative of stress. The results show that associations between behavior during the novel object test and behavior at stable were present. However, the presence of roughage influences the horse's reaction and should be taken into account. In this case, the focus should be on the presence of fear reactions, such as rearing, not approaching the object or defecating, to correctly determine the animal's welfare state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The use of different objects during a novel object test in stabled horses

Bulens

Sterken

Beirendonck

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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“…Various breed differences in behaviour have been reported, but this is unsurprising given that breeds were developed for different types of work (Bagshaw, Ralston, & Fisher, 1994;Clarke, Nicol, Jones, & McGreevy, 1996;Hausberger, le Scolan, Bruderer, & Pierre, 1998;Hausberger & Muller, 2002;Houpt & Kusunose, 2000;Mader & Price, 1980;Sappington, McCall, Coleman, Kuhlers, & Lishak, 1997). Selection for heightened flight responses in racing breeds (such as TBs) is more prevalent than in other horses such as draught horses.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 91%

A note on motor laterality in plains zebras (Equus burchellii) and impalas (Aepyceros melampus)

McGreevy

Landrieu²,

Malou³

2007

Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition

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This observational field study used intermittent still photography to examine the distribution of motor laterality in images of two African grazing quadruped species: plains zebras (Equus burchellii) and impalas (Aepyceros melampus). Zebra images (n=708) had a laterality index of -6.21 and a Z-score of -1.65 (p=.098). Impala images (n=318) had a laterality index of -18.87 and a Z-score of -3.36 (p=.0008). The weak left motor bias in zebras aligns with that reported in domestic horses using a related method.

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“…The visual and acoustic isolation of each animal from the other avoided the social entrainment of the circadian behavioral rhythms (Davidson and Menaker, 2003). The animals were put in the experimental box 30 days before starting the study to avoid changes in the behavior and physiology of animals caused by the state of fear induced by isolation (Bagshaw et al, 1994). Thermal and hygrometric records were collected inside the box for the whole study using a data logger (Gemini, West Sussex, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%