Behavioral and physiological correlates of stress in laboratory cats

Carlstead, Kathy; Brown, Janine L.; Strawn, William B.

doi:10.1016/0168-1591(93)90062-t

Cited by 286 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The lower time spent in locomotion and in alert standing in the experimental group could be a sign of a lowered level of stress in this group. Indeed, locomotion increases in stressful conditions (Houpt and Houpt, 1989) and vigilance behaviour such as alert standing may be an indicator of acute (Morgan and Tromborg, 2007) or chronic stress (Carlstead et al, 1993) and are used to assess emotionality in horses (Wolff et al, 1997). Figure 1 Frequencies per mare per hour of social interactions, agonistic interactions, positive social interactions and allogrooming observed during focal samplings (columns show mean 6 s.e., significant differences (P , 0.05) are indicated by the symbol *).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging opportunity: a crucial criterion for horse welfare?

Benhajali

Richard‐Yris

Ezzaouïa³

et al. 2009

Animal

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This study aimed at determining the effect of the increase of foraging opportunities on the behaviour and welfare of breeding mares housed in individual boxes but allowed outside 6 h a day in a bare paddock. One hundred Arab breeding mares were divided into two groups of 50 according to the treatment and allowed outside in two bare paddocks at the same density (115 mare/ha) where water and shelter were provided. The treatment consisted in providing the opportunity to forage on hay. Twenty-minute animal focal samplings and scan samplings were used to determine the time budget of the mares during the period from 0900 to 1500 h and study their social behaviour. A total of 300 focal sampling (6000 min), 3300 individual scan sampling (6000 min) and 62 group observations (1240 min) corresponding to the 100 mares were recorded. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse data. Results showed that experimental mares spent more time feeding (65.12% 6 2.40% v. 29.75% 6 2.45%, P , 0.01) and less time in locomotion (11.70% 6 1.31% v. 23.56% 6 1.34%, P , 0.01), stand resting (11.76% 6 2.57% v. 27.52% 6 2.62%, P , 0.01) and alert standing (5.23% 6 1.2% v. 14.71% 6 1.23%, P , 0.01). There was more bonding among experimental mares than control ones (26 v. 14, P , 0.05). Experimental mares showed more positive social interactions (P , 0.01) and less aggression (P , 0.01). These results suggest that giving densely housed mares foraging opportunities improves their welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging opportunity: a crucial criterion for horse welfare?

Benhajali

Richard‐Yris

Ezzaouïa³

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Data have shown that providing cats with enriched environments (e.g., places to hide) (Carlstead et al, 1993;Kry and Casey, 2007), communal housing (Dantas-Divers et al, 2011), and handling (Gourkow and Fraser, 2006) decreases stress (Ellis, 2009). Adding other types of cage enrichment, such as a ball, has been demonstrated to decrease inactivity and increase play behaviors (de Monte and Le Pape, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the addition of in-cage hiding structures and toys and timing of administration of behavioral assessments with newly relinquished shelter cats

Moore

Bain

2013

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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Keywords: welfare behavior cat enrichment shelter stress a b s t r a c t Most cats entering shelters are euthanized. This study used behavioral assessments to determine how quickly a cat acclimated to its new environment and whether enrichment eased this transition. Twentyfive cats at 2 municipal shelters were evaluated with 2 separate standardized behavioral assessments at 3 separate times, beginning the day after entering the shelter. One behavioral assessment included an in-cage evaluation, whereas the other assessment involved a stepwise combined in-and out-of-cage evaluation. Eleven of the cats were given a cardboard box to hide in and a toy in the cage, whereas 14 cats were not given these objects. Our results suggest that cats need 72 hours to achieve optimum behavioral scores and a decrease in stress levels based on the 2 separate evaluations. The tests were correlated in their outcomes.

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“…A combination of all 3 dietary manipulations (Trans-fat/ HFCS and MSG: diet C) resulted in a histological phenotype similar to the livers of Trans-fat/HFCS-fed animals, and significantly elevated hepatic TG content compared to that of diet B cats, together with elevated serum cortisol levels possibly suggestive of increased physiological stress (Carlstead et al 1993). Expression profile analysis revealed that diet C animals had a similar pattern of gene expression to that of diet B; however, some gluconeogenic genes were upregulated and the expression of a number of lipid storage genes was also modulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%