Behavioral and Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Action of Mild Stress in the Enhancement of Feeding.

O’Hare, Eugene; Shaw, David; Tierney, KJ; Kim, Eun-Mee; Levine, A S; Shephard, R.A.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.1.173

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The connection between stress‐ and diet‐induced obesity may be mediated in large part by the potent hormone, cortisol, which can promote changes in energy resource management by modulating lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, leptin sensitivity, and leptin secretion that favor obesity (33,34,35,36,37,38,39). In addition, humans display comparable eating behaviors in response to chronic stress (39,40,41), such as the choice of foods with a high sugar or fat content, which likewise cause opioid release (39,42,43). Therefore, it is possible that a polymorphism near or within RGS6 alters the expression or function of the gene, which could favor increased adiposity by altering the opioid response, and thus cortisol secretion and feeding behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide Association Study and Follow‐up Analysis of Adiposity Traits in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study

Norris

Langefeld

Talbert

et al. 2009

Obesity

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We investigated candidate genomic regions associated with computed tomography (CT)–derived measures of adiposity in Hispanics from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Family Study (IRASFS). In 1,190 Hispanic individuals from 92 families 3 from the San Luis Valley, Colorado and San Antonio, Texas, we measured CT‐derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral:subcutaneous ratio (VSR). A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was completed using the Illumina HumanHap 300 BeadChip (∼317K single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) in 229 individuals from the San Antonio site (stage 1). In total, 297 SNPs with evidence for association with VAT, SAT, or VSR, adjusting for age and sex (P < 0.001), were genotyped in the remaining 961 Hispanic samples. The entire Hispanic cohort (n = 1,190) was then tested for association, adjusting for age, sex, site of recruitment, and admixture estimates (stage 2). In stage 3, additional SNPs were genotyped in four genic regions showing evidence of association in stage 2. Several SNPs were associated in the GWAS (P < 1 × 10−5) and were confirmed to be significantly associated in the entire Hispanic cohort (P < 0.01), including: rs7543757 for VAT, rs4754373 and rs11212913 for SAT, and rs4541696 and rs4134351 for VSR. Numerous SNPs were associated with multiple adiposity phenotypes. Targeted analysis of four genes whose SNPs were significant in stage 2 suggests candidate genes for influencing the distribution (RGS6) and amount of adiposity (NGEF). Several candidate loci, including RGS6 and NGEF, are associated with CT‐derived adipose fat measures in Hispanic Americans in a three‐stage genetic association study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide Association Study and Follow‐up Analysis of Adiposity Traits in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study

Norris

Langefeld

Talbert

et al. 2009

Obesity

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“…NPY also decreases anxiety and has been implicated in emotional eating (Kim et al 2003, Yehuda et al 2006. Activation of the HPA axis further upregulates the central release of endogenous opioids (O'Hare et al 2004). Opioids decrease activity of the HPA axis, thus attenuating over-shooting stress responses (Kreek & Koob 1998).…”

Section: Stress and Metabolism -Acute Vs Chronic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between stress, circadian clocks, and energy metabolism

Oster

2020

Journal of Endocrinology

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Endogenous circadian clocks adapt an organism’s physiology and behavior to predictable changes in the environment as a consequence of the Earth’s rotation around its axis. In mammals, circadian rhythms are the output of a ubiquitous network of cellular timers coordinated by a hypothalamic master pacemaker. Circadian clock function is closely connected to the stress response system which has evolved to ensure survival under less predictable situations of danger. Disruptions in both of these functions are highly prevalent in modern society and have been linked to pathologic alterations in metabolic setpoints, promoting overeating, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. This paper describes the different levels of interaction between the circadian clock and acute and chronic stress responses. It summarizes studies assessing clock-stress crosstalk in the context of metabolic homeostasis and outlines options to use this interaction for diagnostic and therapeutic measures targeting metabolic health and well-being in the highly chronodisruptive environment of modern 24-hour globalized societies.

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“…Therefore, we proceeded to assess whether an impairment of shortterm memory, the earliest symptom of AD, could actually be induced by soluble low-n oligomers of Aβ. For these experiments we utilized the alternating lever cyclic ratio test, a procedure proven to be highly sensitive for measuring drug effects on cognitive function [36,37]. In this procedure, rats learn a complex sequence of lever-pressing requirements.…”

Section: Cell-derived Oligomers Of Aβ Disrupt Both Synaptic Plasticitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cell-derived oligomers of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease and avenues for therapeutic intervention

Walsh

Klyubin

Shankar

et al. 2005

Biochemical Society Transactions

141

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Burgeoning evidence suggests that soluble oligomers of Aβ (amyloid β-protein) are the earliest effectors of synaptic compromise in Alzheimer's disease. Whereas most other investigators have employed synthetic Aβ peptides, we have taken advantage of a β-amyloid precursor protein-overexpressing cell line (referred to as 7PA2) that secretes sub-nanomolar levels of low-n oligomers of Aβ. These are composed of heterogeneous Aβ peptides that migrate on SDS/PAGE as dimers, trimers and tetramers. When injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in vivo, these soluble oligomers inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation and alter the memory of a complex learned behaviour. Biochemical manipulation of 7PA2 medium including immunodepletion with Aβ-specific antibodies and fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography allowed us to unambiguously attribute these effects to low-n oligomers. Using this paradigm we have tested compounds directed at three prominent amyloid-based therapeutic targets: inhibition of the secretases responsible for Aβ production, inhibition of Aβ aggregation and immunization against Aβ. In each case, compounds capable of reducing oligomer production or antibodies that avidly bind Aβ oligomers also ameliorate the synaptotoxic effects of these natural, cell-derived oligomers.

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Behavioral and Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Action of Mild Stress in the Enhancement of Feeding.

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Genome‐wide Association Study and Follow‐up Analysis of Adiposity Traits in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study

Genome‐wide Association Study and Follow‐up Analysis of Adiposity Traits in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study

The interplay between stress, circadian clocks, and energy metabolism

The role of cell-derived oligomers of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease and avenues for therapeutic intervention

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