Behavioral and neurochemical changes in response to acute stressors: Influence of previous chronic exposure to immobilization

Pol, Olga; Campmany, Lluis; Gil, Montserrat; Armario, Antonio

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90133-z

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When chronically stressed rats are subsequently exposed to a heterotypic stressor, facilitation of HPA axis responsiveness, by means of increased CRH and ACTH, has been shown to occur [30, 31]. Studies on behavioral parameters also support this phenomenon [54, 55]. In our system, we have also observed potentiation of HPA axis to a novel superimposed stressor in terms of corticosterone secretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Forced Swimming Differentially Affects Male and Female Brain Corticosteroid Receptors

Karandrea¹,

Kittas²,

Kitraki³

2002

Neuroendocrinology

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Corticosteroid receptors are key mediators of the neuroendocrine response to stress. Previously, we have determined the effects of restraint stress on the regulation of corticosteroid receptor genes in the brain and pituitary of male and female rats. Significant gender- and regional-specific regulation of receptor mRNAs was observed. To further investigate the stressor specificity in the same context, we have determined glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNAs following exposure to swimming stress paradigms applied alone, or in combination with restraint stress. Our data revealed stressor-specific alterations in GR or MR mRNA levels, which were more pronounced in males, the gender most affected by swimming stress. No alterations in GR or MR mRNA levels were detected in the female hippocampus and hypothalamus upon exposure to swimming paradigms, while in males the same stressors down-regulated GR mRNA in the hippocampus (chronic exposure) and up-regulated both genes in the hypothalamus (acute exposure). In the frontal cortex, acute swimming stress caused a reciprocal change in GR mRNA levels in the two sexes. The above difference is not due to circulating ovarian steroids, since ovariectomy did not change the female pattern of GR gene expression following acute stress. Our results further showed a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis facilitation to a novel superimposed stressor expressed at the level of limbic corticosteroid receptors: When chronically restrained rats of both sexes were exposed to acute swimming stress, a reduced GR/MR mRNA ratio, implying reduced feedback axis sensitivity, was detected in both the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. In conclusion, our work provides additional evidence on stressor, gender and region specificity in the regulation of brain corticosteroid receptors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Forced Swimming Differentially Affects Male and Female Brain Corticosteroid Receptors

Karandrea¹,

Kittas²,

Kitraki³

2002

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Other studies have also shown the restoration of behavioral deficits in response to repeated exposures of immobilization of 2 h/day for 7 or 15 days (Kennett et al, 1985;Pol et al, 1992). In the present investigation, acute exposure of electric foot shock as a novel, heterotypic stressor did not produce significant behavioral alterations in immobilization stress (homotypic) adapted animals.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 43%

Pharmacological investigations on cross adaptation in mice subjected to stress immobilization

et al. 2015

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“…Among the brain regions that are both innervated by CRF-immunoreactive fibers (Sakanaka et al 1987;Swanson et al 1983) and that contain mRNA for CRF receptors (Chalmers et al 1995;Potter et al 1994) are the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, the source nuclei of forebrain serotonergic innervation (Azmitia and Segal 1978;Kellar et al 1977;Vertes 1991 dence for an impact of stress on forebrain 5-HT (Chaouloff 1993;De Souza and Van Loon 1986;Dunn 1988;Morgan et al 1975;Pol et al 1992;Tanaka et al 1983), these anatomical findings lead to the speculation that CRF release within the raphe nucleus may mediate the effects of stress on this system. Nonetheless, there are few reports of the effects of CRF on measures of 5-HT function, and these have yielded equivocal results.…”

Section: The Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Is Innervated By Cortimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dence for an impact of stress on forebrain 5-HT (Chaouloff 1993;De Souza and Van Loon 1986;Dunn 1988;Morgan et al 1975;Pol et al 1992;Tanaka et al 1983), these anatomical findings lead to the speculation that CRF release within the raphe nucleus may mediate the effects of stress on this system. Nonetheless, there are few reports of the effects of CRF on measures of 5-HT function, and these have yielded equivocal results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor on Brain Serotonergic Activity

Price

Curtis

Kirby

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

200

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The serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus is innervated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and expresses CRF receptors, suggesting that endogenous CRF impacts on this system. The present study characterized interactions between CRF and the dorsal raphe serotonin (5-HT) system. The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered CRF on microdialysate concentrations of 5-HT in the lateralCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the hypothalamic neurohormone that initiates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary during stress (Vale et al. 1981). In addition, CRF is thought to function as a brain neurotransmitter that interacts with other neurotransmitter systems to coordinate autonomic and behavioral components of the stress response (Dunn and Berridge 1990;Owens and Nemeroff 1991;Valentino et al. 1993). This is supported by anatomical studies that have identified a widespread distribution of CRF-immunoreactive neurons and fibers outside of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in brain regions that are not directly involved with endocrine responses to stress (Sakanaka et al. 1987;Swanson et al. 1983). This distribution far exceeds that required for CRF-evoked release of ACTH. Consistent with this widespread distribution of CRF-immunoreactive terminals, CRF receptor binding sites and CRF receptor mRNA are localized in diverse brain regions that are unrelated to their pituitary actions (Chalmers et al. 1995;De Souza 1987;Potter et al. 1994).Among the brain regions that are both innervated by CRF-immunoreactive fibers (Sakanaka et al. 1987;Swanson et al. 1983) and that contain mRNA for CRF receptors (Chalmers et al. 1995;Potter et al. 1994) are the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, the source nuclei of forebrain serotonergic innervation (Azmitia and Segal 1978;Kellar et al. 1977;Vertes 1991 dence for an impact of stress on forebrain 5-HT (Chaouloff 1993;De Souza and Van Loon 1986;Dunn 1988;Morgan et al. 1975;Pol et al. 1992;Tanaka et al. 1983), these anatomical findings lead to the speculation that CRF release within the raphe nucleus may mediate the effects of stress on this system. Nonetheless, there are few reports of the effects of CRF on measures of 5-HT function, and these have yielded equivocal results. For example, relatively high doses of CRF failed to alter levels of the 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (Van Loon et al. 1982). Similarly, tissue levels of 5-HT or its catabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were unaltered by CRF (Dunn and Berridge 1987). In contrast, CRF increased activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of 5-HT, in cortex and midbrain (Singh et al. 1991), and 5-HIAA levels, measured by microdialysis, in hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex (Lavicky and Dunn 1993). Each of these studies used relatively indirect measures of 5-HT activity. A recent study, using in vivo microdialysis to measure extracellular 5-HT levels in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats, found no change after long term administration of ...

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Behavioral and neurochemical changes in response to acute stressors: Influence of previous chronic exposure to immobilization

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Forced Swimming Differentially Affects Male and Female Brain Corticosteroid Receptors

Forced Swimming Differentially Affects Male and Female Brain Corticosteroid Receptors

Pharmacological investigations on cross adaptation in mice subjected to stress immobilization

Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor on Brain Serotonergic Activity

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