Behavioral and neural interaction between spatial inhibition of return and the Simon effect

Wang, Pengfei; Fuentes, Luis J.; Vivas, Ana B.; Chen, Qi

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00572

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Interestingly, the difference among three conditions did not achieve significant. These results are quite consistent with the previous findings obtained with the Simon tasks and integrated Simon Stroop tasks in adults ( Liu et al, 2004 ; Wang et al, 2013 ). These tasks consistently instructed participants to respond while ignoring the location of the stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Second Language Proficiency on Inhibitory Control in the Simon Task: An fMRI Study

Jia

2022

Front. Psychol.

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How learning a second language (L2) changes our brain has been an important question in neuroscience. Previous neuroimaging studies with different ages and language pairs spoken by bilinguals have consistently shown plastic changes in brain systems supporting executive control. One hypothesis posits that L2 experience-induced neural changes supporting cognitive control, which is responsible for the selection of a target language and minimization of interference from a non-target language. However, it remains poorly understood as to whether such cognitive advantage is reflected as stronger controlled processing or increased automatic inhibition processing. In this study, using functional MRI we scanned 27 Chinese-English late bilinguals while they performed a Simon task. Results showed that bilinguals with higher L2 vocabulary proficiency performed better in the Simon task, and more importantly, higher L2 vocabulary proficiency was associated with weaker activation of brain regions that support more general cognitive control, including the right anterior cingulate cortex, left insula and left superior temporal gyrus. These results suggest that L2 experience may lead to a more automatic and efficient processing in the inhibitory control task. Our finding provides an insight into neural activity changes associated with inhibitory control as a function of L2 proficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Second Language Proficiency on Inhibitory Control in the Simon Task: An fMRI Study

Jia

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…This arrangement, however, may result in an interaction of IOR effects with other related to the spatial relationships between the location of the target stimulus and the response hand (S-R compatibility). One of the most known is the Simon effect, which has been proposed to interact with IOR (see Ivanoff et al (2002) for a review; Wang et al, 2013). To overcome possible interactions between IOR and spatial S-R compatibility effects, tasks presenting the stimuli along the vertical axis can be employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical asymmetries and inhibition of return: Effects of spatial and non-spatial cueing on behavior and visual ERPs

Gutiérrez-Domínguez

Pazo-Álvarez

Doallo

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The mechanisms underlying inhibition of return (IOR) are still under debate. Besides the probable implication of several processes in its generation, a reason for this uncertainty may be related to experimental factors affecting the presence, time course, and magnitude of IOR. Two of them may be related to the arrangement of the stimuli in the visual field that could cause possible interactions between IOR and response conflict effects (horizontal arrangements) or between IOR and perceptual asymmetries (vertical arrangement). The purpose of the present study was to explore location and color cueing effects with a vertical arrangement of stimuli, free of S-R compatibility effects. To examine this possibility, a cue-back task with stimuli in the vertical meridian was employed. Targets could randomly and equiprobably appear at cued or uncued locations, or with cued or uncued color. These cueing effects were analyzed on behavior and ERPs separately for upper and lower visual fields (UVF and LVF). Under location cueing, behavioral responses were slower (spatial IOR) in both hemifields. In the ERPs, N1 reductions were observed in both visual fields although with different modulations in their latency and scalp distribution. In the P3 rising beginning, posterior negative deflections in the LVF (Nd) and anterior positive deflections (Pd) in the UVF were observed. Under color cueing, P3 amplitude was reduced in the UVF accompanied by no behavioral effects. These results suggest that different patterns of brain activation can be obtained in upper and lower visual fields under spatial- and non-spatial cueing conditions.

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“…These processes depend on visual, tactile, and motorial information to generate and execute goal-directed actions, such as visually guided reaching and grasping movements 64,73–76 . Moreover, previous neuroimaging studies on various types of the Simon effect suggest that the right postcentral area contains subregions which contribute to conflict monitoring 15,16,19,77,78 . For instance, in a motion-based Simon task, in which the task-irrelevant motion direction of the target was either consistent or inconsistent with the response hand, the right PosCG was significantly activated 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Simon Effect Based on Allocentric and Egocentric Reference Frame: Common and Specific Neural Correlates

Liu

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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An object’s location can be represented either relative to an observer’s body effectors (egocentric reference frame) or relative to another external object (allocentric reference frame). In non-spatial tasks, an object’s task-irrelevant egocentric position conflicts with the side of a task-relevant manual response, which defines the classical Simon effect. Growing evidence suggests that the Simon effect occurs not only based on conflicting positions within the egocentric but also within the allocentric reference frame. Although neural mechanisms underlying the egocentric Simon effect have been extensively researched, neural mechanisms underlying the allocentric Simon effect and their potential interaction with those underlying its egocentric variant remain to be explored. In this fMRI study, spatial congruency between the task-irrelevant egocentric and allocentric target positions and the task-relevant response hand was orthogonally manipulated. Behaviorally, a significant Simon effect was observed for both reference frames. Neurally, three sub-regions in the frontoparietal network were involved in different aspects of the Simon effect, depending on the source of the task-irrelevant object locations. The right precentral gyrus, extending to the right SMA, was generally activated by Simon conflicts, irrespective of the spatial reference frame involved, and showed no additive activity to Simon conflicts. In contrast, the right postcentral gyrus was specifically involved in Simon conflicts induced by task-irrelevant allocentric, rather than egocentric, representations. Furthermore, a right lateral frontoparietal network showed increased neural activity whenever the egocentric and allocentric target locations were incongruent, indicating its functional role as a mismatch detector that monitors the discrepancy concerning allocentric and egocentric object locations.

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Behavioral and neural interaction between spatial inhibition of return and the Simon effect

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of Second Language Proficiency on Inhibitory Control in the Simon Task: An fMRI Study

Effect of Second Language Proficiency on Inhibitory Control in the Simon Task: An fMRI Study

Vertical asymmetries and inhibition of return: Effects of spatial and non-spatial cueing on behavior and visual ERPs

The Simon Effect Based on Allocentric and Egocentric Reference Frame: Common and Specific Neural Correlates

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