“…Although environmental chemicals are usually less potent than endogenous hormones, it is now clear that they act additively with them (Markey et al, 2002). One important group among EDCs, found in the aquatic environment, are estrogens, both natural such as 17b-estradiol (E 2 ), estrone and estriol, and synthetic such as 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE 2 ) (Garcia-Reyero et al, 2011;Hinteman et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2005;Ternes et al, 1999). EE 2 , a pharmacological compound with strong estrogenic activity, widely used as oral contraceptive and in hormone replacement therapy, is present in sewage treatment plant effluents in concentrations of 1e10 ng/L, although levels as high as 42 ng/L have been documented (Desbrow et al, 1988;Ternes et al, 1999), as it is poorly removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods (Karpova et al, 2007).…”