Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of KXS on Postmyocardial Infarction Depression

Abstract

Background: Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) often occur together in clinical practice. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been widely used for the treatment of emotion-related disorders. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether KXS had both antidepressive effects and cardioprotective functions in a rat model of myocardial ischemia (MI) with depression. Methods: A total of 50 SD rats were randomly assigned into five groups as follows: normal control (control group), celiac injection of isopropyl adrenaline (ISO) (MI group), depression (depression group), MI+ depression (model group) and MI+ depression treated with intragastric administration of 370 mg/kg KXS (KXS group). MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of 85 mg/kg ISO. Depression was developed by a 7-week chronic mild stress (CMS) challenge. Behavioral test was conducted before and during the experiment. Echocardiography and biochemical analysis were carried out after 7 weeks of CMS challenge. Results: After 7 weeks of experiment, depression-like behaviors were observed in all the groups except for control and KXS groups, and KXS treatment dramatically increased open-field test scores and sucrose consumption (P < 0.01 vs. model group). Echocardiography and biochemical analysis showed that KXS treatment could improve levels of ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), which were reduced by depression and ISO challenge. Meanwhile, KXS treatment significantly decreased the levels of creation kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were increased in the model group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) were increased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly decreased in the KXS group. Moreover, KXS treatment reduced

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

“…A chronic administration of KXS (338 or 676 mg/kg, 3 weeks, i.g.) has been shown to produce antidepressant-like activity in CUMS-induced animal models through the reduction of COX-2, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels and increase in IFN-γ and IL-10 production [ 29 , 138 , 204 ]. Notably, in other studies, KXS (0.9 or 2.7 g/kg, 5 weeks, i.g.)…”

Effects of exercise training on behavior and brain function after high dose isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage

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“…This evoked inflammation and increased cytokine production resulting in cardiac fibrosis 1 , 3 , that over a period of weeks developed into left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, and ultimately heart failure 2 . Although effects of potential treatment on cardiovascular aspects are widely investigated in the ISO model 1 , 4 – 6 , effect on brain and behavior are only sparsely studied 7 – 9 . Effects in the brain included increased apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial function after ISO though 8 .…”

“…Evidence is accumulating for an association between mental dysfunction and neuroinflammation 12 . Although exercise was shown to prevented the upregulation of 18 cytokines 1 , in none of the above-mentioned behavioral studies in the ISO model 7 – 9 , effects on (neuro)inflammation were studied.…”

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“…Many traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions “nourishing” in the TCM theory system have the effects of improving cognition and emotion ( Nishiyama et al, 1994 ; Itoh et al, 1998 ; Lin et al, 2003 ; Yang et al, 2006 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Shang et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, TCM shows good prospects in promoting AHN ( Zhang et al, 2014 ; Sreenivasmurthy et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2019 ).…”