Behavioral addictions in addiction medicine

Abstract

Recent progress has been made in our understanding of nonsubstance or "behavioral" addictions, although these conditions and their most appropriate classification remain debated and the knowledge basis for understanding the pathophysiology of and treatments for these conditions includes important gaps. Recent developments include the classification of gambling disorder as a "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder" in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder in Section 3 of DSM-5. This chapter reviews current neuroscientific understandings of behavioral addictions and the potential of neurobiological data to assist in the development of improved policy, prevention, and treatment efforts.

Response trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive behavioral therapy in young-adult pathological gamblers

“…Similarities in the endophenotypes of substance-use disorders and GD have been systematically described, leading to craving, withdrawal, tolerance and abstinence syndrome (Banz, Yip, Yau, & Potenza, 2016;Zou et al, 2017). Problem gambling is often accompanied by comorbid psychiatric and maladaptative personality traits, as well as dysfunction of cognitive domains regulating impulsive behavior (Ioannidis, Hook, Wickham, Grant, & Chamberlain, 2019).…”

Closed Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for PTSD, Addiction, and Disorders of Affective Facial Interpretation: Review and Discussion of Potential Biomarkers and Stimulation Paradigms

“…Non-substance addictive behaviors, are becoming increasingly recognized as legitimate disorders (Potenza, 2015 ; Yau and Potenza, 2015 ; Banz et al, 2016 ; Gendreau and Potenza, 2016 ; Kraus et al, 2016 ; Mann et al, 2016 ; Fauth-Bühler et al, 2017 ) and the DSM V has included gambling with “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ). Within the field of psychotherapy and addiction treatment, stereotyped behavior patterns which display some obsessive-compulsive traits, distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder, are referred to as behavioral addictions.…”

“…The circuitry in behavior addiction is the same as the circuitry of substance abuse (Grant et al, 2006 , 2010 ; Karim and Chaudhri, 2012 ; Leeman and Potenza, 2013 ; Love et al, 2015 ; Banz et al, 2016 ) but the mechanisms involved are far more delicate as all of the circuitry adaptation is within physiologic range (Nestler, 2005 ) (Figures 3A,B ). The difficulty in treating behavioral addictions lies in the fact that most of the addictive behaviors are tied to normal physiologically or culturally necessary behaviors (Olsen, 2011 ; Leeman and Potenza, 2013 ).…”

The validation of Implicit Association Test measures for smartphone and Internet addiction in at-risk children and adolescents

“…Behavioral addictions bear a resemblance to substance addiction in terms of natural history, phenomenology, and neurobiology ( Banz, Yip, Yau, & Potenza, 2016 ; Hammond, Mayes, & Potenza, 2014 ; McGue & Iacono, 2005 ). Behavioral addictions are characterized by maladaptive, repetitive behaviors, and they share considerable phenomenological parallels with substance addictions ( Banz et al., 2016 ; Potenza, 2001 ). A growing body of evidence supports that problematic Internet use should be conceptualized as a behavioral addiction ( Chamberlain et al., 2016 ; Spada, 2014 ).…”