Behavior therapy and the minority client.

Wilson, Woodrow; Calhoun, James F.

doi:10.1037/h0086373

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Over the past two decades, clinicians and clinical researchers have outlined a number of salient factors in the conduct of psychotherapy with Black Americans. The issues considered have included transference and countertransference problems (Jones & Seagull, 1977; Schacter & Butts, 1968), interracial therapist-patient dynamics (Block, 1968; Gardner, 1971; Jackson, 1973; Jones & Seagull, 1977; Sue, 1981; Waite, 1968), the impact of social class (Acosta et al, 1982; Brill & Storrow, 1969; Carkhuff & Pierce, 1967; Jones, 1974; Mayo, 1974; Sue, 1981; Yamamoto & Goin, 1965), the general problem of racial bias in mental delivery systems (Acosta et al, 1982; Anderson et al, 1977; Cole & Pilisuk, 1976; Gibbs, 1975; Jackson et al, 1974; Sue, 1977; Warren et al, 1973), and the use of appropriate techniques with black patients (Banks, 1975; Cheek, 1976; Harper & Stone, 1974; Shipp, 1983; Sue, 1981; Tounsel & Jones, 1980; Wilson & Calhoun, 1974; Wyatt et al, 1976). While the size of the literature attests to the increased awareness among mental health professionals that race is an important factor in psychotherapy with black patients, there has yet been little attempt to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for viewing mental health functioning in blacks from varying social, economic, and subcultural backgrounds.…”

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Psychological functioning in Black Americans: A conceptual guide for use in psychotherapy.

Jones¹

1985

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training

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A model is presented which provides a guide for conceptualizing psychological functioning in Black Americans. Four classes of variables are described: 1) reactions to racial oppression; 2) influence of the majority culture; 3) influence of traditional Afro-American culture; and 4) individual and family experiences and endowments. For each class of variables, the salient issues are presented and their application in psychotherapy is discussed, using clinical examples.Over the past two decades, clinicians and clinical researchers have outlined a number of salient factors in the conduct of psychotherapy with Black Americans. The issues considered have included transference and countertransference problems

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Psychological functioning in Black Americans: A conceptual guide for use in psychotherapy.

Jones¹

1985

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training

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“…Using a sociological model, Sue et al (1977a) conceptualized the various systems of therapy as Western, middle-class activities with values and characteristics that differ from those of low socioeconomic ethnic minority clients. Although misunderstandings in communication have often occurred among members who share the same culture and social class (Sotomayor, 1977), it has been documented that the problem is exacerbated between a therapist and client of a different culture and socioeconomic background (Atkinson, Maruyama, & Matsui, 1978;Calia, 1966;Carkhuff & Pierce, 1967;Cohen, 1972;Edgerton & Karno, 1971;Jackson & Kirscher, 1973;Kleinman, 1978;Lambley & Cooper, 1974;Lorion, 1973;Sue, 1978;Wilson & Calhoun, 1974). It has been hypothesized that a disproportionate number of lower-class Puerto Rican clients have not participated in the traditional systems of therapy largely because they lacked the culturally desirable attributes of the W.A.V.I.S.…”

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Important psychocultural factors in the delivery of mental health services to lower-class puerto rican clients: A review of recent studies

Rosado

1980

J. Community Psychol.

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Literature on the psychological orientation of lower class Puerto Rican clients, their cultural value system, and their expectations for mental health services was reviewed. First, lower‐class Puerto Rican client's psychocultural orientation to therapy was seen as relatively dissimilar to that of the typical middle‐class American client. Second, differences in expectations of therapy between the Anglo therapist and lower‐class Puerto Rican client were described. Factors affecting the minimal use of mental health services by the lower‐class Puerto Rican community were also discussed. Recommendations were offered to aid in the amelioration of these problems for Puerto Rican clientele.

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Cross‐Cultural Counseling and Neurolinguistic Mirroring With Native American Adolescents

Sandhu

Reeves²,

Portes³

1993

J Multicult Couns & Deve

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This study examined the effects of neurolinguistic mirroring versus nonmirroring of selected nonverbal behaviors on empathy, trustworthiness, and positive interaction in a cross-cultural setting among 60 Choctaw adolecents and Caucasian female counselors. Results indicated significant mirroring effects on the empathy scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory.The quality of the therapeutic relationship is a prime consideration in counseling and psychotherapy. Good rapport in the counseling relationship has consistently been associated with beneficial changes (Carkhuff & Berenson. 1967;Egan, 1975; Rogers, 1957). For this reason, empathy and trustworthiness, the two core elements of a rapport, have become the sine qua Ron of effective counseling pepper & Haase, 1978). They are particularly crucial in cross-cultural counseling. According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue (1983):Much of the criticism related to minority group counseling focuses upon the interactions that occur between counselor and client. Counseling is seen as a process of interpersonal interaction and communication which requires accurate sending and receiving of both verbal and nonverbal messages. When the counselor and client come from different cultural backgrounds, barriers to communication are likely to develop, leading to misunderstandings that destroy rapport and render counseling ineffective. (p. 16) Daga S. Sandhu is an assistant professor in the Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology at the Uniuers@ of Louisville, Louisville. Kentucky. T. Glen Reeves i s a professor of counselor education a t Mississippi State University, Mississippi State. M r o R. Portes i s an associate professor in the Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology at the University of Louisville. Louisville. Kentucky. 106 Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development / April 1993 / Vol. 21 / l(M118 (1971) found that "total liking equals 7% verbal liking plus 38% vocal liking plus 55% facial liking" (p. 43). suggesting that nonverbal factors far outweigh verbal. Several other researchers (Argyle Mehrabian

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Behavior therapy and the minority client.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Psychological functioning in Black Americans: A conceptual guide for use in psychotherapy.

Psychological functioning in Black Americans: A conceptual guide for use in psychotherapy.

Important psychocultural factors in the delivery of mental health services to lower-class puerto rican clients: A review of recent studies

Cross‐Cultural Counseling and Neurolinguistic Mirroring With Native American Adolescents

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