Behavior of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in a drinking water distribution system

Rodrı́guez, Manuel J.; Sérodes, Jean; Levallois, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.018

Cited by 199 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, higher level of chlorine residual may also favour the formation of THMs (Nikolaou et al, 1999). The variation of THMs was consistent with many studies that reported maximum THM formation in summer (Rodriguez et al, 2004;Toroz and Uyak, 2005). HAAs exhibited a different seasonal variation than THMs.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Dbpssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

131

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Section: Seasonal Variations Of Dbpssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For these reasons, the HAA level in spring was higher than that in autumn. The trend for seasonal HAA variability was similar to some studies (Rodriguez et al, 2004;Rodriguez et al, 2007). The variation of HANs was consistent with HAAs.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Dbpssupporting

confidence: 89%

Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

131

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“…Disinfection by-products result from the reactions of chlorine with natural organic compounds in water (Rodriguez et al 2004;Ghebremichael et al 2008) and are associated with adverse health effects (Nieuwenhuijsen et al 2000;Richardson et al 2002;Nieuwenhuijsen 2005;Hebert et al 2010). …”

Section: Constitutive Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Hydraulic and Water Quality Modelling in Distribution Networks: EPANET-PMX

Seyoum

Tanyimboh

2017

Water Resour Manage

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Simulation models for water distribution networks are used routinely for many purposes. Some examples are planning, design, monitoring and control. However, under conditions of low pressure, the conventional models that employ demand-driven analysis often provide misleading results. On the other hand, almost all the models that employ pressure-driven analysis do not perform dynamic and/or water quality simulations seamlessly. Typically, they exclude key elements such as pumps, control devices and tanks. EPANET-PDX is a pressure-driven extension of the EPANET 2 simulation model that preserved the capabilities of EPANET 2 including water quality modelling. However, it cannot simulate multiple chemical substances at once. The single-species approach to water quality modelling is inefficient and somewhat unrealistic. The reason is that different chemical substances may co-exist in water distribution networks. This article proposes a fully integrated network analysis model (EPANET-PMX) (pressure-dependent multi-species extension) that addresses these weaknesses. The model performs both steady state and dynamic simulations. It is applicable to any network with various combinations of chemical reactions and reaction kinetics. Examples that demonstrate its effectiveness are included.

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“…THMs include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform, and the sum of these four substances is called the total THMs (TTHMs). 6 Some of these chlorination byproducts, such as chloroform and bromodichloromethane, which are the first and second most dominant trihalomethane species, respectively, are known to be animal carcinogens, and their potential ability to increase cancer risk in humans is under active investigation. [7][8][9] The maximum contaminant level for TTHMs in drinking water has recently been decreased to 80 μg L −1 because of a two-stage disinfectant/disinfection byproduct rule implemented by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a simple analytical method for determining trihalomethanes in beer using a headspace solid-phase microextraction technique

Santos¹,

Carasek²

2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 11/2/13; aceito em 14/3/13; publicado na web em 13/6/13We developed a simple, rapid, and solventless method for analyzing trihalomethanes in beer samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction. The effects of varying experimental parameters, such as extraction temperature and time, addition of sodium chloride, and agitation speed, on extraction yield were studied using a univariate experimental design. Limits of detection between 0.22 and 0.46 μg L -1 and wide linear ranges were achieved for trihalomethanes. We measured the trihalomethane recoveries and precision (as the standard deviation of repeat measurements) and demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method by analyzing 32 beer samples.

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Behavior of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in a drinking water distribution system

Cited by 199 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China

Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China

Integration of Hydraulic and Water Quality Modelling in Distribution Networks: EPANET-PMX

Development of a simple analytical method for determining trihalomethanes in beer using a headspace solid-phase microextraction technique

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