Behavior of trifluralin in aquatic model ecosystems

Yockim, R. S.; Isensee, Allan R.; Walker, Elyse A.

doi:10.1007/bf01608087

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The recirculation system adds the effect of water motion to the aquatic model ecosystem. Some researchers have applied pesticides in a continuous-flow system to examine the effect of pesticide adsorption to bottom sediment and the long-term effects on organisms to simulate worst conditions (Virtanen and Hattula 1982;Yockim et al 1980). Kapoor et al (1970Kapoor et al ( , 1972Kapoor et al ( , 1973 Kanazawa et al (1975); Tsuge et al (1976); A : Fisher and Lohner (1986) T: Metcalf and Sanborn (1975) 102 Carbofuran T: Yu et al (1974b); Metcalf and Sanborn (1975) TCDD,2,3,7,TFM,3, Using an aquatic model ecosystem in the presence of sand, Matusmura (1977) scrutinized critical experimental factors that affected the accumulation of pesticides in organisms.…”

Section: Model Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

136

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Model Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

136

102

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“…Trifluralin may be released to the environment in fugitive emissions during its production and in wastewater effluent [US DHHS, 1993]. It is also released to the ambient environment during its application as an herbicide and is present in surface water as a result of agricultural runoff [Yockim et al, 1980]. Thus, assessment of genotoxic effects of this herbicide on aquatic organisms is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity testing of the herbicide trifluralin and its commercial formulation Treflan using the piscine micronucleus test

Könen

Çavaş

2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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In this study, the genotoxic effects of a widely used herbicide, trifluralin, and its commercial formulation, Treflan, were evaluated using the micronucleus test in a commercially important fish species, Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Fish were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 microg/L doses of trifluralin and Treflan for 3, 6, and 9 days under laboratory conditions. Ethylmethanesulfonate, at a single dose of 10 mg/L, was used as positive control. Micronuclei were evaluated on the peripheral erythrocytes. Both Treflan and trifluralin treatments significantly increased the micronucleus frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of O. niloticus. Furthermore, the genotoxicity of the active ingredient, trifluralin, was observed to be higher than that of the commercial formulation Treflan. Our results indicate that herbicide trifluralin has genotoxic potential in fish.

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“…Finally, the measurement of a pollutant's fate in a complex laboratory system is basically valueless unless it can be shown that the results are significantly different from those generated in simpler tests. In other cases, the abiotic degradation of carbaryl (Liu et al, 1981), the effect of oxygenation conditions on the degradation of pentachlorophenol (Boyle et al, 1980;Liu et al, 1981), and the effect of input conditions on the degradation of trifluralin (Yockim et al, 1980) are results from complex microcosm experiments that might have been easily obtained from simpler mixed-culture flask studies.…”

Section: Selection Of Most Simple Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microbial Ecology

1984

Advances in Microbial Ecology

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Behavior of trifluralin in aquatic model ecosystems

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Genotoxicity testing of the herbicide trifluralin and its commercial formulation Treflan using the piscine micronucleus test

Advances in Microbial Ecology

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