Behavior of the Thyroid toward Elements of the Seventh Periodic Group. I. Halogens and Thiocyanates.

Baumann, Emil J.; Metzger, Nannette

doi:10.3181/00379727-70-16984

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It has been stated that iodide concentration by the thyroid is not unique and that other halides and thiocyanate are also concentrated (31). Although it has been reported by others (32) that there is no thyroid/plasma concentration gradient for thiocyanate ion, this in itself does not exclude the competition theory.…”

Section: Thyroidal Iodide Bindingmentioning

confidence: 44%

The Iodide Trapping and Binding Functions of the Thyroid

Berson¹,

Yalow²

1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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McGinty and Sharp (1) demonstrated that the thyroid glands of rats treated with propylthiouracil retained the ability to concentrate iodide ion but failed to bind the iodine in an organic form. VanderLaan and VanderLaan (2) and Stanley and Astwood (3) showed also that thyroidal iodide, "trapped" under the influence of the antithyroid drugs, could be rapidly discharged from the gland by the administration of thiocyanate ion. Iodine accumulation by the thyroid has therefore been considered a two-step function; the first is concerned with the concentration (trapping) of iodide at a level higher than that in the circulating plasma, while the second, in itself a complicated process composed of several chemical stages, is represented by organic binding of the trapped iodide.Several authors have inquired into the kinetics of thyroidal iodide trapping and binding (4-6). On the assumption that equilibration of plasma and thyroidal inorganic iodide131 (iodide trapping) is instantaneous following intravenous administration of 1131, Ingbar (4, 5) calculated that thyroidal binding of trapped iodide proceeded at average rates of 1% per cent per minute in euthyroid subjects and 6% per cent per minute in patients with Graves' disease. Wollman (6) assumed that the plasma iodide131 concentration remained constant or decreased at a single exponential rate and considered the sequelae of several theoretical alternatives for the relative rates of trapping and binding. In the present study an analysis is presented which permits evaluation of the rates of trapping and binding from observed data without assumptions regarding either process or restrictions in the behaviour of the plasma iodide131 concentration. The results of the experimental investigations indicate an extremely rapid binding of trapped iodide in the untreated gland and lead to the conclusion that trapping rather than binding is the rate-limiting step of thyroidal iodine accumulation. TECHNICAL METHODSSubjects received intravenous injections of 15 to 200 pc carrier-free NaTls1 in normal saline solution. Assay of thyroidal radioactivity was performed with a bismuthwalled Geiger counter and a scaling circuit connected to a Streeter-Amet register which automatically printed the cumulative counts at minute intervals, as previously described (7). The sensitivity of this arrangement was 110 counts per minute per ,uc I'3 above a background of 60 counts per minute. Five ml. samples of packed erythrocytes, plasma and urine were counted in a well-type scintillation counter with a sensitivity of 1.00 X 106 counts per minute per,c I'l above a background of 200 counts per minute. PBI3s and iodide13 were determined separately utilizing the plasma/RBC ratio of 1131 as previously described (8, 9).Extrathyroidal radioactivity "seen" by the counter was determined, for each subject, from the counting rate over the neck following discharge of trapped thyroidal iodide (binding inhibited by Tapazole®) by the intravenous administration of 1.0 gm. NaSCN. Corrections for extrathyroidal activity...

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Section: Thyroidal Iodide Bindingmentioning

confidence: 44%

The Iodide Trapping and Binding Functions of the Thyroid

Berson¹,

Yalow²

1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The position with regard to bromine, the remaining element in group VHb, is less clear. Some workers have claimed that bromine is selectively concentrated by the thyroid gland (Perlman, Morton & Chaikoff, 1941;Baumann & Metzger, 1949;Simon, 1951;Yagi, Michel & Roche, 1953) while others have denied this (Söremark & Ullberg, 1960;Underwood, 1962;Ullberg, Appelgren, Clemedson, Ericsson, Ewaldsson, Sorbo & Söremark, 1964). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Concentration of Bromine-82 in the Thyroid Gland of Rats

Papadopoulos¹,

Macfarlane²,

Harden³

1967

Journal of Endocrinology

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The concentration of 82Br in the thyroid gland, muscle and blood was studied in rats. In untreated animals the radioactivity per unit weight of thyroid was greater than that of muscle but less than that of blood. This radioactivity in the thyroid remained constant with time and was unaffected by perchlorate. After stimulation by endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the thyroidal concentration increased to a level slightly greater than that in blood. This effect was inhibited by perchlorate.It is concluded that, while under normal conditions bromine is not concentrated by the thyroid, after stimulation by TSH there is an increased uptake by the gland. There is no evidence that bromine is metabolized further in the thyroid gland.

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“…Baumann and Metzger (13) suggested that the thyroid has an affinity not only for iodine, but also for other members of the seventh periodic group of elements. Several studies utilizing fluorine (14), chlorine (15), bromine (16), astatine (17,18), manganese (19), technetium (20) and rhenium (21) have consistently demonstrated the ability of the thyroid to concentrate these elements in a ratio of greater magnitude than that measured in other tissues of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluorine on Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism

P¹,

Joyet²

1958

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Prolonged administration of a daily dose of 5-10 mg. of fluoride to patients with hyperthyroidism may cause clinical improvement together with a significant fall in the level of plasma protein-bound iodine and a reduction in the basal metabolic rate. Studies with radioactive fluorine failed to demonstrate any important accumulation of fluorine within the thyroid in vivo. Thyroidal, blood and urinary radioiodine studies suggest that fluorine inhibits the thyroid iodide-concentrating mechanism. Fluorine does not impair the capacity of the gland to synthesize thyroid hormone when there is an abundance of iodide in the blood. However, inhibition of the thyroidal concentrating capacity when the total iodide pool is low will impose a critical limitation of hormonal synthesis, and may explain the therapeutic effect.

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Behavior of the Thyroid toward Elements of the Seventh Periodic Group. I. Halogens and Thiocyanates.

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

The Iodide Trapping and Binding Functions of the Thyroid

The Iodide Trapping and Binding Functions of the Thyroid

Concentration of Bromine-82 in the Thyroid Gland of Rats

Effect of Fluorine on Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism

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