Behavior of the insecticides disulfoton and thiometon in the Rhine River: a chemodynamic study

Wanner, Oskar; Egli, Thomas; Fleischmann, Thomas; Lanz, Klaus; Reichert, Peter; Schwarzenbach, René P.

doi:10.1021/es00068a007

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For a given pesticide, the chemical property factors are largely the same, but the attributes of the environment (aquatic and weather) that affect a chemical's behavior and fate are quite different. Pesticides can be lost from the water column through three processes or groups of processes: sorption followed by sedimentation to the bed; volatilization to the atmosphere; and transformation through biological-, chemical-, and/or physical-induced reactions (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Capel

Larson

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The load as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (g0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Capel

Larson

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In rivers and streams, the pesticide concentration at an entrance point is highly diluted by the water flow by a factor of >10, 11) while dispersion predominates in dilution for a stagnant water body such as ponds and lakes, which have a much longer hydraulic residence time. 12,13) The dilution factor is also estimated by hydrodynamic models 14) or monitoring the concentration of a tracer (Cl − ) in a water system. 15,16) Depending on its physicochemical properties, pesticide is partly adsorbed or associated with suspended particles, colloids, and dissolved organic matters (DOM), 4,17,18) reaches bottom sediment via sedimentation or diffusion, 17,19) and escapes from the water body via volatilization.…”

Section: Processes Controlling Pesticide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16) Depending on its physicochemical properties, pesticide is partly adsorbed or associated with suspended particles, colloids, and dissolved organic matters (DOM), 4,17,18) reaches bottom sediment via sedimentation or diffusion, 17,19) and escapes from the water body via volatilization. 4,14) The sorption of pesticides is evaluated by an adsorption coefficient determined in a batch study, generally assuming a linear or Freundlich isotherm. Sedimentation loss is estimated for a fraction of suspended particulates adsorbing pesticides by considering an average depth of water and a settling rate.…”

Section: Processes Controlling Pesticide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedimentation loss is estimated for a fraction of suspended particulates adsorbing pesticides by considering an average depth of water and a settling rate. 14,20) The two-layer model is conveniently used to describe the volatilization of pesticides from water to air. 14,20) Abiotic hydrolysis follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics at a very dilute concentration of pesticide, and its contribution is usually limited at neutral pH and low temperatures except for pesticides having an ester linkage.…”

Section: Processes Controlling Pesticide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,20) The two-layer model is conveniently used to describe the volatilization of pesticides from water to air. 14,20) Abiotic hydrolysis follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics at a very dilute concentration of pesticide, and its contribution is usually limited at neutral pH and low temperatures except for pesticides having an ester linkage. 17) In a clear water column, direct photolysis by sunlight plays a role in the dissipation of pesticides having a measurable U.V.…”

Section: Processes Controlling Pesticide Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

Katagi

2013

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Aerobic transformation by microbial organisms is a dissipation process of pesticides in surface water, but the corresponding information is much less available as compared with their microbial degradation in soil. Bacteria freely floating in water or associated with suspended particles are the key microorganisms degrading pesticides; their species and populations, however, depend on sites and seasons. The various factors related to pesticide properties, experimental conditions and characteristics of surface water are involved in the complex control of microbial processes. Bottom sediment and macrophytes with associated biofilms not only act as sink for pesticides but also provide the habitat for both bacteria and fungi that degrade pesticides. More understanding of each factor is necessary to utilize laboratory biodegradation data for the refined assessment of pesticide behavior in surface water.

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Effect of varying pesticide exposure duration and concentration on the toxicity of carbaryl to two field‐collected stream invertebrates, Calineuria californica (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and Cinygma sp. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)

Peterson

Jepson

Jenkins

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effect of exposure duration on the toxicity of a forest insecticide (carbaryl) was assessed under environmentally realistic exposure regimes against two stream invertebrates indigenous to the United States Pacific Northwest, Calineuria californica (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and Cinygma sp. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the relationship between pulsed exposures of 15, 30, and 60 min and toxicity for a range of chemical concentrations (10.2-1,730 microg/L). For Cinygma sp., the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were calculated as 848 microg/L (15 min), 220 microg/L (30 min), and 165 microg/L (60 min). The C. californica consistently had lower mortality at a given concentration compared with Cinygma sp. Fifteen- and 30-min exposures did not elicit 50% mortality with C. californica, and it had a 60-min LC50 of 1,139 microg/L. Time to 50% mortality over 96 h after a 15-, 30-, or 60-min exposure, with the rest of the test period in freshwater (PLT50), was a function of exposure duration and concentration. Analysis of symptomology throughout the test period for C. californica gave evidence of recovery from the knockdown and moribund states, but this was not the case for Cinygma sp. The pulse duration resulting in 50% mortality was calculated as 43 min for Cinygma sp. exposed at 204 microg/L and 16 min at 408 microg/L. A three-dimensional probit plane model [Y = -10.86 + 4.83(ln C) + 3.0(ln T)], where Y is probit mortality, C is concentration in microg/L and T is time in hours, was used to explain the interaction between concentration (microg/L) and duration of exposure (hours) for Cinygma sp.

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Behavior of the insecticides disulfoton and thiometon in the Rhine River: a chemodynamic study

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

Effect of varying pesticide exposure duration and concentration on the toxicity of carbaryl to two field‐collected stream invertebrates, Calineuria californica (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and Cinygma sp. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)

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