Behavior of printable formulations of loperamide and caffeine on different substrates—Effect of print density in inkjet printing

Personalised dosing: Printing a dose of one’s own medicine

“…A dosing model defines the relationship between an independent variable and the final formulation and may be limited by the capacity of the printer. An example of a model with fixed limitations is provided by Genina et al (2013b), in which the spaces between deposited droplets are varied to control the total dose. The limited selection of settings controlling the drop spacing ultimately fixed the range of doses that could be printed.…”

“…Another parameter that has been used to control the dose deposited is to change the area printed (Genina et al, 2013b; …”

“…It was also argued this was due to smearing from printer head from printing multiple passes. Similarly, Genina et al (2013b) used a PZT printer to deposit solutions of loperamide and caffeine on edible substrates. The maximum loperamide variation was 11.5% exceeding the pharmacopoeial limits of 5% (BP, 2014a).…”

“…(2014) Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) filmsRaijada et al (2013) Edible icing sheetsSandler et al (2011) Uncoated paper, coated paper, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filmScoutaris et al (2011) Glass cover slip coated in flutec fluid to increase hydrophobicityGenina et al (2013a) Orodispersible films, copy paper, water impermeable transparency filmsGenina et al (2013b) Icing sheet, PET film, HPC filmBuanz et al (2011) Clear acetate film, starch filmGenina et al (2012) Uncoated wood-free paper, triple-coated inkjet paper, double-coated sheetMeléndez et al (2008) PTFE films over a clear transparency filmTakala et al (2012) …”

Hyperspectral imaging in quality control of inkjet printed personalised dosage forms

“…Different printing techniques and parameters have been studied to produce flexible dosing. For instance, Genina et al (2013a) have investigated the effect of print density to prepare escalating doses of loperamide hydrochloride and caffeine in order to study dose accuracy and the solid-state properties on different edible substrates. The authors also studied a combination of piezoelectric inkjet printing (PIJ) with flexographic printing to fabricate controlled-release oral SDFs of riboflavin sodium phosphate and propranolol hydrochloride with excellent content uniformity and tailored release properties (Genina et al, 2012).…”